, - . ( 3.1), .
3.1
, .. , χ0 χ R, , :
. (3.1)
[K] = -1.
, R. , ΔR ΔR.
(3.2)
t t1 t2; β ; Rt R1 t t1.
ΔR t1 t2
(3.3)
.. .
ΔR t1 t2
(3.4)
R0 0 0; α = 0,00426 1/0 .
, - ΔR ΔR t1 - t2.
χ , R0 R. , R.
(3.5)
t1 t Rt
(3.6)
, - .
ΔR ΔR. Δt = t1 t2 ΔR
(3.7)
. ,
(3.8)
:
;
(3.9)
t, , (3.8):
(3.10)
|
|
(3.12)
ΔR:
(3.13)
. (3.14)
Δ δ , , χ0 :
(3.15)
.
, ( ). . -, +.
( 3.2), () 1 (, ) 2. . , , .. . :
(3.16)
3.2
(3.17)
t , 0; , ( , (; ) ). = f(pH, t) .
(3.18)
, .. U
(3.19)
R, R ; R .
3
3-1. ( 3.1), R?
:
- ;
- 5%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 7,18 /, β = 0,0201 -1;
- = 190 -1;
- (20 40) 0.
3-2. R, ( 3.1) (20 40) 0.
:
- , R R 20 0;
- 5%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 7,18 /, β = 0,0201 -1;
|
|
- = 190 -1;
- α = 0,00426 -1.
3-3. , ( 3.1). ( ).
:
- , R R 20 0;
- (20 40) 0;
- 5%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 7,18 /, β = 0,0201 -1;
- χ0 χ0 = 7,18 + 1,38*(-5);
- = 190 -1;
- α = 0,00426 -1.
3-4. ( 3.2) - ( ) . , t 1 = 20 0, t 2 = 35 0. = 9.
= (54,16 + 0,198* t) * ( ), .
: = -203 ; = 4,13.
3-5. R - 50 , R - 20 . , , 500 . (0 0,5) R = 0,5 ?
3-6. ( 3.1), R?
:
- ;
- 30%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 39,07 /, β = 0,0155 -1;
- = 210 -1;
- (10 50) 0.
3-7. R, ( 3.1) (15 45) 0.
:
- , R R 20 0;
- 15%- KCl, 15 0 χ0 = 20,91 /, β = 0,02 -1;
- = 200 -1;
- α = 0,00426 -1.
3-8. , ( 3.1). ( ).
:
- , R R 20 0;
- (20 40) 0;
- 30%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 39,07 /, β = 0,0155 -1;
|
|
- χ0 χ0 = 7,26 + 1,33*(-5);
- = 180 -1;
- α = 0,00426 -1.
3-9. ( 3.2) - ( ) . , t 1 = 20 0, t 2 = 40 0. = 6.
= (54,16 + 0,198* t) * ( ), .
: = -203 ; = 4,13.
3-10. R - 10 , R - 20 . , , 500 . (0 10) R = 50 ?
3-11. , NaCl, . 2 , 50 . = 5 15 /, χ0 = 182*, /. 10 /. 20 40 0. NaCl β = 0,0231 -1; α = 0,00426 -1.
3-12. ( 3.1), R?
:
- ;
- 1%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 5,12 /, β = 0,0201 -1;
- = 190 -1;
- (20 40) 0.
3-13. R, ( 3.1) (10 30) 0.
:
- , R R 10 0;
- 1%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 5,12 /, β = 0,0201 -1;
- = 190 -1;
- α = 0,00426 -1.
3-14. , ( 3.1). ( ).
:
- , R R 10 0;
- (10 40) 0;
- 1%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 5,12 /, β = 0,0201 -1;
|
|
- χ0 χ0 = 5,12 + 1,38*(-5);
- = 190 -1;
- α = 0,00426 -1.
3-15. NaCl . 0 20%, 400 -1. NaCl χ0 = 6,26 + 1,08*(-5). , , KCl . KCl 9%, χ0 = 7,01 + 1,14*(-5).
3-16. -
= (54,16 + 0,198* t) * ( ), .
: = -203 ; = 4,13.
t 1 = 20 0. , = 6 = 6,35.
3-17. = 5,3 ( 20 ) , = 3,38 ( ) 33 .
3-18. , ( 20 ) 133 . = 3,28 ( ) 33 .
3-19. , -, , 5,0. 0 = 201 , 0 = 247 .
3-20. = 5,0 . 0 20 +358 , 0 +201 .