.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


3.




 

, - . ( 3.1), .

3.1

, .. , χ0 χ R, , :

. (3.1)

[K] = -1.

, R. , ΔR ΔR.

(3.2)

t t1 t2; β ; Rt R1 t t1.

ΔR t1 t2

(3.3)

.. .

ΔR t1 t2

(3.4)

R0 0 0; α = 0,00426 1/0 .

, - ΔR ΔR t1 - t2.

χ , R0 R. , R.

(3.5)

t1 t Rt

(3.6)

, - .

ΔR ΔR. Δt = t1 t2 ΔR

(3.7)

. ,

(3.8)

:

;

(3.9)

t, , (3.8):

(3.10)

(3.12)

ΔR:

(3.13)

. (3.14)

Δ δ , , χ0 :

(3.15)

.

, ( ). . -, +.

( 3.2), () 1 (, ) 2. . , , .. . :

(3.16)

3.2

(3.17)

t , 0; , ( , (; ) ). = f(pH, t) .

(3.18)

, .. U

(3.19)

R, R ; R .

 

3

 

3-1. ( 3.1), R?

:

- ;

- 5%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 7,18 /, β = 0,0201 -1;

- = 190 -1;

- (20 40) 0.

3-2. R, ( 3.1) (20 40) 0.

:

- , R R 20 0;

- 5%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 7,18 /, β = 0,0201 -1;

- = 190 -1;

- α = 0,00426 -1.

3-3. , ( 3.1). ( ).

:

- , R R 20 0;

- (20 40) 0;

- 5%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 7,18 /, β = 0,0201 -1;

- χ0 χ0 = 7,18 + 1,38*(-5);

- = 190 -1;

- α = 0,00426 -1.

3-4. ( 3.2) - ( ) . , t 1 = 20 0, t 2 = 35 0. = 9.

= (54,16 + 0,198* t) * ( ), .

: = -203 ; = 4,13.

3-5. R - 50 , R - 20 . , , 500 . (0 0,5) R = 0,5 ?

3-6. ( 3.1), R?

:

- ;

- 30%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 39,07 /, β = 0,0155 -1;

- = 210 -1;

- (10 50) 0.

3-7. R, ( 3.1) (15 45) 0.

:

- , R R 20 0;

- 15%- KCl, 15 0 χ0 = 20,91 /, β = 0,02 -1;

- = 200 -1;

- α = 0,00426 -1.

3-8. , ( 3.1). ( ).

:

- , R R 20 0;

- (20 40) 0;

- 30%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 39,07 /, β = 0,0155 -1;

- χ0 χ0 = 7,26 + 1,33*(-5);

- = 180 -1;

- α = 0,00426 -1.

3-9. ( 3.2) - ( ) . , t 1 = 20 0, t 2 = 40 0. = 6.

= (54,16 + 0,198* t) * ( ), .

: = -203 ; = 4,13.

3-10. R - 10 , R - 20 . , , 500 . (0 10) R = 50 ?

3-11. , NaCl, . 2 , 50 . = 5 15 /, χ0 = 182*, /. 10 /. 20 40 0. NaCl β = 0,0231 -1; α = 0,00426 -1.

3-12. ( 3.1), R?

:

- ;

- 1%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 5,12 /, β = 0,0201 -1;

- = 190 -1;

- (20 40) 0.

3-13. R, ( 3.1) (10 30) 0.

:

- , R R 10 0;

- 1%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 5,12 /, β = 0,0201 -1;

- = 190 -1;

- α = 0,00426 -1.

3-14. , ( 3.1). ( ).

:

- , R R 10 0;

- (10 40) 0;

- 1%- KCl, 20 0 χ0 = 5,12 /, β = 0,0201 -1;

- χ0 χ0 = 5,12 + 1,38*(-5);

- = 190 -1;

- α = 0,00426 -1.

3-15. NaCl . 0 20%, 400 -1. NaCl χ0 = 6,26 + 1,08*(-5). , , KCl . KCl 9%, χ0 = 7,01 + 1,14*(-5).

3-16. -

= (54,16 + 0,198* t) * ( ), .

: = -203 ; = 4,13.

t 1 = 20 0. , = 6 = 6,35.

3-17. = 5,3 ( 20 ) , = 3,38 ( ) 33 .

3-18. , ( 20 ) 133 . = 3,28 ( ) 33 .

3-19. , -, , 5,0. 0 = 201 , 0 = 247 .

3-20. = 5,0 . 0 20 +358 , 0 +201 .

 





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