: , , () .
: ; , ѻ, , , , 1,212 , .
: , . , 106 ×. 105...1014 ×. , 1014 ×, . IIIVI .. (, Ge, Si, As, ...), (GaAs, GaP, ZnS, SiC ). (, ) . , 77 , , .
. , , , .. , , . , , , 1 s, 2 s, 2 p .
, , . , = 0 (273 ). . = 0 , . , = 0 . 6.1. . .
, .
, . (. . 6.1). , , , .
|
|
= 0 (. . 6.1). , 11Na 3 s .
D W (. . 6.1). , . - () 0,12 , 4 .
, . ( ). , , . , , .. .
, , , , , . , , .. .
( < e > = 1,5 kT), 102 (. 6.2). , , . , , , . , , , , .
ne ( ) n 0 , , Δ W , :
. | (6.1) |
; k = 1,38×1023 .
. -, . 4- (, ).
, . , 5- ( Sb, As), (n -). 3- ( In, B), ( -). .
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. , , . , . Δ W , Δ W,
. | (6.2) |
σ, r:
. | (6.3) |
s , :
(6.4) |
R l S :
. | (6.5) |
, U :
U = El. | (6.6) |
(6.3)(6.5) :
j = s E, | (6.7) |
j = I/S .
n u , . e, q, t, Ne, N , S (. 6.3).
u, t S , , u t . n :
N = n u tS. | (6.8) |
q = en u tS. | (6.9) |
,
. | (6.10) |
(6.9) (6.10)
j = ne u. | (6.11) |
(6.7) (6.11) , :
u = bE. | (6.12) |
b . ( , ) .
(6.11) (6.12) (6.7), :
s = neb. | (6.13) |
() , (. (6.2)) .
, , . , :
R = R 0(l + αt), | (6.14) |
t ; R 0 0 ; α ().
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, R 0 α. 1 R 0, :
. | (6.15) |
:
. | (6.16) |
(6.3), (6.5), (6.13) (6.2) l/(Sn 0 eb) = R 0, n 0 ¥.
(6.16):
ln R = ln R 0 + . | (6.17) |
ln R 1/ T , ln R T 1 , 2 = D W/ (2 k) ., 2,
D W = 2 2 k. | (6.18) |
1. (. 6.4) (. 6.5). ѻ ( ) .
( 1 1- , 2- 2- ..). : V/W COM, W200. . , .
2. ѻ 58 ( ) .
3. . , . . 6.1.
6.1 | |||
/ | , | R, | |
(R ) | (R ) | ||
4. . 89 . . , . , . 6.1 45 , 25 . 6567 . , . , R R .
5. . 65 , ( ) . 6.1 , .
7. , . , , .