, . :
[H+] = ;
pH = -lg [H+] = -lg Ck.
, . , , :
[OH-] = Co;
pOH = -lg[OH-] = -lgCo.
= 14- = 14+ lgCo ( ).
, , , :
[HA] = Ck
pH = ½ pKk - lgCk, pKk 䒺 . 1 . Ck=1, lg 1=0, 1 . :
= ½ pKk
, .
. , :
= 1/2 = ½ lg
, = 14-.
. .
.
, , .
. .
ʳ , , . h:
h = [OH-]/Cc
䳿 , :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) .
.
, , . , .
. ϳ , . , .
: , . , , . ; , .
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ó . :
(NH4)2S . :
(NH4)2S + HOH↔NH4OH + NH4HS
NH4++S2-+HOH↔NH4OH+HS-
ó , S2-. ѳ , .
ó . , .