.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

. Z , , :

) ( ), -

,

+ ;

) ( ),

α Z,

α α ;

) , , α β

():

1. + = +

2. ( + ) + = + ( + )

3. , + 0 =

4. , + (- )= .

5. α( + ) = α + α .

6. (α + β) = α + β .

7. α (β ) =(α β) .

8. 1 = .

:

1. .

2. , .

3. ()

= (x1, x2, , xn), :

+ = (x1, x2, xn) + (y1, y2, yn), = (x1+y1, x2+y2, xn+yn).

α = α (x1, x2, xn) = (αx1, αx2, αxn).

Rn.

. ( 1, 2, m) , α1, α2, αm, , α1 12 2+ + αm n = 0.

. ( 1, 2, m) , α1 12 2+ + αm m = α1 = α2 = αm = 0.

. , 1, 2, 3

= α1 12 2+ + αs s, 1, 2, s

. 1, 2, m , .

Rn:

1 =( 11, 12, 1n),, m =( m1, m2, mm). ,

m . :

α1 (x11, x12, x1n) + α2 (x21, x22, x2n) + + αm (xm1, xm2, xmn) = (0; 0; 0...0). :

α1 = α2 = αm = 0, .


.

, . .

1=(1;2;3;4;1), 2=(2;-1;1;2;3), 3=(3;1;4;6;4)

: α1(1;2;3;4;1) + α2(2;-1;1;2;3) + α3(3;1;4;6;4) = (0;0;0;0;0)

 

 


. , .

 

 

m 1 =( 11, 12, 1n),

2 =( 21, 22, 2n), m =( m1, m2, mm).

. , :

1) ;

2) .

:

, .

:

1. , ;

2. ;

3. ;

4. .

2-4 , . , , .

1-3 "" "", .

18.1 . , , -- , -- . 15.3 - . . , . , . , . , , -- .

: :





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