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FAQ

GRAPH

⇐ 78910111213141516



 

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InitGraph. .

:

Procedure InitGraph(var Driver,Mode: Integer; Path: String);

Driver - Integer, ;

Mode - , ;

Path - String, , , .

, .

.

. :

const

Detect=0;{ }

CGA=1;

MCGA=2;

EGA=3;

EGA64=4;

EGAMono=5;

IBM8514=6;

HercMono=7;

ATT400=8;

VGA=9;

PC3270=10;

. , , Mode, :

const    
{ CGA: }    
CGACO = 0; { , 0}
CGAC1 = 1; { , 1}
CGAC2 = 2; { , 2}
CGAC3 = 3; { , 3}
CGAHi = 4; { }  
{ MCGA:}    
MCGACO = 0; { CGACO}  
MCGAC1 = 1; { CGAC1}  
MCGAC2 = 2; { CGAC2}  
MCGAC3 = 3; { CGAC3}  
MCGAMed = 4; { CGAHi}  
MCGAHi = 5; {640x480}  
{ EGA:}    
EGALo = 0; {640x200, 16 }  
EGAHi = 1; {640x350, 16 }  
EGAMonoHi = 3; {640x350, 2 }  
{ HGC HGC+:}  
HercMonoHi = 0; {720x348}  
{400:}    
ATT400CO = 0; { CGACO}  
ATT400C1 = 1; ( CGAC1}  
ATT400C2 = 2; { CGAC2}  
ATT400C3 = 3; { CGAC3}  
ATT400Med = 4; { CGAHi}  
ATT400H1 = 5; {640x400, 2 }  

{ VGA:}

VGALo = 0; {640x200}

VGAMed = 1; {640x350}

VGAHi = 2; {640x480}

PC3270H1 = 0; { HercMonoHi}

{ 18514}

IBM8514LO =0; {640x480, 256 }

IBM8514H1 = 1; {1024x768, 256 }

, , CGA.BGI TP\BGI 320x200 2.

:

Uses Graph;

var

Driver, Mode: Integer;

begin

Driver:= CGA;{}

Mode:= CGAC2;{ }

InitGraph(Driver, Mode,' :\TP\BGI');

.......

, :

Driver:= Detect;

InitGraph(Driver, Mode, 'C:\TP\BGI');

, Driver Mode , .

, , , .. , .

, CGA - Driver = Detect Driver 1 (CGA) Mode - 4 (CGAHi), VGA Driver = 9 (VGA) Mode = 2 (VGAHi).

GraphResult. Integer, .

, , - , :

const

grOk = 0;{ }

grlnitGraph =-1;{He }

grNotDetected =-2;{ }

grFileNotFind =-3;{ }

grlnvalidDriver =-4;{ }

grNoLoadMem =- 5;{ }

grNoScanMem = - 6;{ }

grNoFloodMem =- 7;{ }

grFontNotFound = -8;{ }

grNoFontMem =- 9;{ }

grlnvalidMode =-10;{ }

grError =-11;{ }

grIOError =-12;{ -}

grlnvalidFont =-13;{ }

grInvalidFontNum=-14; { }

GraphResult , .

GraphErrorMsg.

String, . :

Function GraphErrorMsg(Code: Integer): String;

Code - , GraphResult.

, :

var

Driver, Mode, Error:Integer;

begin

Driver:= Detect;{ }

InitGraph(Driver, Mode,' ');{ }

Error:= GraphResult;{ }

if Error <> grOk then{ }

begin{ }

WriteLn(GraphErrorMsg(Error));{ }

.......

end

else{ }

.......

InitGraph (, CGA.BGI CGA).

InitGraph.

, , DRIVERS PASCAL D, :

InitGraph(Driver, Mode, 'd:\Pascal\Drivers');

.

InitGraph Driver .

, .

, , .

CloseGraph.

. :

Procedure CloseGraph;

RestoreCRTMode.

.

CloseGraph , . :

Procedure RestoreCRTMode;

GetGraphMode.

Integer, .

:

Function GetGraphMode: Integer;

SetGraphMode.

.

:

Procedure SetGraphMode(Mode: Integer);

Mode - .

:

Uses Graph;

var.

Driver, Mode, Error: Integer;

begin

{ }

Driver:= Detect;

InitGraph(Driver, Mode, '');

Error:= GraphResult; { }

i£ Error <> grOk then { }

WriteLn(GraphErrorMsg(Error)) { }

else

begin { }

WriteLn (' ');

WriteLn (' "Enter"...':20);

ReadLn;

{ }

RestoreCRTMode;

WriteLn (' ...');

ReadLn;

{ }

SetGraphMode (GetGraphMode);

WriteLn (' ...');

ReadLn;

CloseGraph

end

end.

, WriteLn.

CGA, , , .

DetectGraph.

. :

Procedure DetectGraph(var Driver,Mode: Integer);

Driver - ; Mode - .

GetGraphMode Mode .

GetDriverName.

String, . :

Function GetDriverName: String;

GetMaxMode.

Integer, . :

Function GetMaxMode: Integer;

GetModeName.

String, . :

Function GetModName(ModNumber: Integer): String;

ModNumber - .

, , .

Uses Graph;

var

a,b: Integer;

begin

a:= Detect;

InitGraph(a, b, '');

WriteLn(GetDriverName);

for a:= 0 to GetMaxMode do

WriteLn(GetModeName(a):10);

ReadLn;

CloseGraph

end.

GetModeRange.

. :

Procedure GetModeRange(Drv: Integer; var Min, Max: Integer);

Drv - ; Min - Integer, ; - , .

Drv, -1.

. .

Uses Graph;

var

D,L,H: Integer;

const

N: array [1..11] of String [8] =

('CGA ', 'MCGA ', 'EGA ',

'EGA64 ', 'EGAMono ', 8514 ',

'HercMono', 'ATT400 ', 'VGA ',

'PC3270 ', ' ');

begin

WriteLn(' . .');

for D:= 1 to 11 do

begin

GetModeRange(D, L, H);

WriteLn(N[D], L:7, H:10)

end

end.

 

- , ,

 

, .

, , , , , 0,0. , , - .

GetMaxX GetMaxY.

Word, . :

Uses Graph;

var

a,b: Integer;

begin

a:= Detect; InitGraph(a, b, '');

WriteLn(GetMaxX, GetMaxY:5);

ReadLn;

CloseGraph

end.

GetX GetY.

Integer, .

, , .

SetViewPort.

.

:

Procedure SetViewPort(XI,Y1,X2,Y2: Integer; ClipOn: Boolean);

X1...Y2 - (XI,Y1) (X2,Y2) ; - Boolean, .

. ClipOn True, , , , .

:

const

ClipOn = True; { }

ClipOff = False; {He }

.

. (. . 14.1).

.

 

Uses Graph,CRT;

var

x,y,e: Integer;

xll,yll,xl2,yl2, { 1- }

x21,x22, { 2-}

R, { }

k: Integer;

begin

DirectVideo:= False { CRT}

{ }

:= Detect; InitGraph(x, , '');

{ }

:= GraphResult; if e <> grOk then

WriteLn(GraphErrorMsg (e)) {}

else

begin { }

{ }

x11:=GetMaxX div 60;

x12:=GetMaxX div 3;

y11:=GetMaxY div 4; y12:=2*y11;

R:=(x12-x11) div 4; x21:=x12*2;

x22:=x21+x12-x11;

{ }

WriteLnt'ClipOn:':10,'ClipOff:':40);

Rectangle(x11, y11, x12, y12); Rectangle(x21, y11 x22, y12);

{ 1- }

SetViewPort(x11, y11, x12, y12, ClipOn);

for k:= 1 to 4 do

Circle(0,y11,R*k);

{ 2- }

SetViewPort(x21, y11, x22, y12, ClipOff);

for k:= 1 to 4 do

Circle(0,y11,R*k);

{ }

if ReadKey=#0 then k:= ord(ReadKey);

CloseGraph

end

end.

GetViewSettings.

. :

Procedure GetViewSettings(var Viewlnfo: ViewPortType);

Viewlnfo - ViewPortType. Graph :

type

ViewPortType = record

x1,y1,x2,y2: Integer; { }

Clip: Boolean { }

end;

MoveTo.

. :

Procedure MoveTo(X,Y: integer);

X, Y - .

, , .

MoveRel.

.

Procedure MoveRel(DX,DY: Integer);

DX.DY- .

, .

ClearDevice.

.

, , SetBkColor.

:

Procedure ClearDevice;

ClearViewPort.

, - . .

. :

Procedure ClearViewPort;

, (.).

.

Enter.

.

 

Uses CRT,Graph;

var

x1,y1,x2,y2,Err: Integer;

begin

{ }

xl:= Detect; InitGraph(xl,x2,'');

Err:= GraphResult; if ErrogrOk then

WriteLn(GraphErrorMsg(Err))

else

begin

{ }

x1:= GetMaxX div 4,-y1:= GetMaxY div 4;

x2:= 3*x1; y2:= 3*y1;

{ }

Rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

SetViewPort(x1+1,y1+1,x2-1,y2-1,ClipOn);

{ }

repeat

ircl(Random(Ge tMaxX),Random(Ge tMaxX)

Random(GetMaxX div 5))

until KeyPressed;

{ Enter}

ClearViewPort;

OutTextXY(0,0,'Press Enter...1);

ReadLn;

CloseGraph

end

end.

GetAspectRatio.

, .

:

Procedure GetAspectRatio(var X,Y: Word);

X, Y - Word. , , . , , .. , L ,

GetAspectRatio (Xasp, Yasp);

Rectangle(x1, y1, x1+L*round (Yasp/Xasp), y1+L);

L ,

Rectangle (x1,y1,x1+L,y1+L*round(Xasp/Yasp));

SetAspectRatio.

. :

Procedure SetAspectRatio(X,Y: Word);

X, Y- .

20 (.).

.

 

Uses Graph,CRT;

const

R =.50;

dx = 1000;

var

d,m,e,k: Integer;

Xasp,Yasp: Word;

begin

d:= Detect;

InitGraph(d, m,.'');

e: = GraphResult;

if e <> grOk then

WriteLn(GraphErrorMsg(e))

else

begin

GetAspectRatio(Xasp, Yasp);

for k:= 0 to 20 do

begin

SetAspectRatio(Xasp+k*dx,Yasp);

Circle(GetMaxX div 2,GetMaxY div 2,R)

end;

if ReadKey=#0 then k:= ord(ReadKey);

CloseGraph

end

end.

SetActivePage.

.

:

Procedure SetActivePage(PageNum: Word);

PageNum - .

, (EGA, VGA ..).

, Write/WriteLn , ( ).

.

SetVisualPage.

.

:

Procedure SetVisualPAge(PageNum: Word);

PageNum - .

, (EGA, VGA ..).

.

- .

Enter .

Uses Graph;

var

d,m,e: Integer;

s: String;

begin

d:= Detect; InitGraph(d, m, '');

e:= GraphResult; if e <> grOk then

WriteLn (GraphErrorMsg(e))

else { . , :}

if d in [HercMono,EGA,EGA64,MCGA,VGA] then

begin { }

if d<>HercMono then

SetGraphMode(m-1);

{ }

Rectangle(10,10,GetMaxX div 2,GetMaxY div 2);

OutTextXY(0,0,'Page 0. Press Enter...');

{ }

SetActivePage (1);

Circle(GetMaxX div 2, GetMaxY div 2, 100);

OutTextXY(0,GetMaxY-10,'Page 1. Press Enter...');

{ }

ReadLn;

SetVisualPage(1);

ReadLn;

SetVisualPage (0);

ReadLn;

CloseGraph

end

else

begin { }

s:= GetDriverName; CloseGraph;

WriteLn(' ',s,' 1 ')

end

end.

if doHercMono then

SetGraphMode(m-1);

EGA, MCGA, VGA.

, Driver=Detect ; , , .

-

PutPixel.

.

:

Procedure PutPixel(X,Y: Integer; Color: Word);

X, Y- ; Color - .

, , .

. .

Uses CRT, Graph;

type

PixelType = record

x, : Integer; end;

const

N = 5000; { ""}

var

d,r,e,k: Integer;

x1,y1,x2,y2: Integer;

a: array [1..N] of PixelType; {}

begin

{ }

d:= Detect; InitGraph(d, r, ' ');

e:= GraphResult; if e<>grOk then

WriteLn(GraphErrorMsg(e))

else

begin

{ }

x1:= GetMaxX div 4;

y1:= GetMaxY div 4;

x2:= 3*x1;

y2:= 3*y1;

Rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

SetViewPort(x1+1,y1+1,x2-1,y2-1,ClipOn);

{ ""}

for k:= 1 to N do with a[k] do begin

x:= Random(x2-x1);

:= Random(y2-y1)

end;

{ }

repeat

for k:= 1 to N do

with a[k] do { ""}

PutPixel(x,y,white);

if not KeyPressed then

for k:= N downto 1 do with a[k] do { ""}

PutPixel(x,y,black)

until KeyPressed;

while KeyPressed do k:= ord(ReadKey);

CloseGraph

end;

end.

GetPixel.

Word, . :

Function GetPixel(X,Y: Integer): Word;

X, Y - .

Line.

.

:

Procedure Line(X1,Y1,X2,Y2: Integer);

XL..Yl - (XI, Y1) (2, Y2) .

.

, .

.

Uses CRT, Graph;

var

d,r,e: Integer;

x1,y1,x2,y2: Integer;

begin

{ }

d:= Detect; InitGraph(d, r, '');

e:= GraphResult; if e <> grOk then

WriteLn(GraphErrorMsg(e))

else

begin

{ }

x1:= GetMaxX div 4;

y1:= GetMaxY div 4;

x2:= 3*x1;

y2:= 3*y1;

Rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);

SetViewPort(x1+1,y1+1,x2-1,y2-1,ClipOn);

{ }

repeat

SetColor(succ(Random(16))); { }

Line(Random(x2-x1), Random(y2-y1),

Random(x2-x1), Random(y2-y1))

until KeyPressed;

if ReadKey=#0 then d:= ord(ReadKey);

CloseGraph

end

end.

LineTo.

, .

:

Procedure LineTo(X,Y: Integer);

X, Y - , - .

LineRel.

, .

:

Procedure LineRel (DX, DY: Integer);

DX, DY- .

LineTo LineRel .

SetLineStyle.

.

:

Procedure SetLineStyle(Type,Pattern,Thick: Word)

Type, Pattern, Thick - , .

: const SolidLn= 0; { }

DottedLn= 1; { }

CenterLn= 2; {- }

DashedLn= 3; { }

UserBitLn= 4; { }

Pattern , (.. , = UserBitLn).

Pattern : , - .

, Pattern 16 .

.

Thick : const NormWidth = 1; { }

ThickWidth = 3; { }

, ( ) , .

, - (.).

.

 

 

.

 

Uses CRT, Graph;

const

style: array [0..4] of String [9] = (

'SolidLn ', 'DottedLn ', 'CenterLn 'DashedLn', 'UserBitLn');

var

d,r,e,i,j,dx,dy: Integer;

p: Word;

begin

{ }

d:= Detect; InitGraph(d, r, '');

e:= GraphResult; if e <> grOk then

WriteLn (GraphErrorMsg(e))

else

begin

{ }

dx:= GetMaxX div 6;

dy:= GetMaxY div 10;

{ }

for j:= 0 to 1 do { }

begin

for i:= 0 to 3 do { }

begin

SetLineStyle(i, 0, j*2+1);

Line(0,(i+j*4+l)*dy,dx,(i+j*4+l)*dy);

OutTextXY(dx+10, (i+j*4+l)*dy,style [i])

end

end;

{ }

j:= 0;

dy:= (GetMaxY+1) div 25;

repeat

OutTextXY(320,j*dy,'Pattern: ');

GotoXY(50,j+1);

ReadLn(p); if p <> 0 then

begin

SetLineStyle(UserBitLn,p,NormWidth);

Line(440,j*dy+4, 600, j*dy+4);

inc(j)

end

until p = 0;

CloseGraph

end

end.

 

 

  1.1. : , . 1.2. :
  2.1. : , . 2.2.  
  3.1. : , . 3.2.
  4.1. : , . 4.2.
  5.1.. : , 30. 5.2..
  6.1. : , . 6.2.
  7.1. : , 7.2.
  8.1. : , 30. 8.2.
  9.1. : , 9.2.
  10.1. : , 10.2.
  11.1. : , . 11.2
  12.1. : . . , , , , . 12.2.
  13.1. : . . , , . 13.2.
  14.1. : . 14.2.
  15.1. : , . 15.2.
  16.1. : , .. 16.2.
  17.1. : , 30 . 17.2.
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  21.1. : , . 21.2.
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  25.1. : , 25.2.
  26.1. : , 26.2.
  27.1. : , . 27.2.
  28.1. : . . , , . 28.2.
  29.1. : , . 29.2.

 

⇐ 78910111213141516


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: 2016-11-18; !; : 1119 |

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, , 1:10
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