.


:




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(DDL) SQL, ( ) :

CREATE TABLE , , ;

ALTER TABLE (ADD) (DROP);

DROP INDEX ;

DROP TABLE .

- DDL, , , GUI.

(DML) SQL, , :

SELECT

INSERT

UPDATE

DELETE.

, , .

(SELECT), (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).

SELECT ‑ FROM ‑ WHERE ( ‑ ‑ ):

select < >

from<>

where <>.

, , :

 

(_, , , , )

 

, .. , :

 

select ,

from

where _ = . .

 

where . , :

 

select unique _

from .

 

unique . :

 

select *

from .

 

, where, =, <>, >, >=, <, <=, AND, OR, NOT, . , , 5 , :

 

select _

from

where = AND = 5.

 

, . , - , , select :

 

Select _

from

where _ is in

(select

from

where _ = ).

 

is in . is not in , contains ‑ , does not contain . A contains ” ( ) , is in ( ). select, from, where , :

order by <> asc ‑ (asc) (desc) ;

group by <1> ‑ ;

having set <2>

minus ‑ (

).

select, SQL , (update), (insert) (delete). , , :

 

update

set Kypc=3

where Kypc=2.

 

.. 5 15 1996 . .., :

 

insert into :

( . ., , 5, 15/01/96, ..)

 

insert ( ) , , , select - .

delete . :

 

delete

where =2

 

, 2 ( ).

, count (), sum (), avg (), m min.

, : select count (*) from .

 





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