: 1. .
2. .
: Petroleum Refining
1. :
s i m i lar, br i ck, m i xture, res i dual, cons i st
p i pe, div i de, h y drocarbon, h ei ght, alkal i
h ea t, st ea m, rep ea t
h ea d, h ea vy, p e trol, k e rosene, s e veral, coll e ct, cond e nse
v a pour, c a sing, obt ai n, ret ai n, m ai n
c o lumn, acc o mplish, pr o duct, h o riz o ntal, b o ttom
b oi l, p oi nt, c oi l
petr o leum, pr o cess
c oa rse, acc or ding, st ore
opera tion, separa tion, distilla tion
2. , :
operate [ ], orifice [ ], facilitate [ ],
volatile [ ], gradually [ ], continuous [ ], impurity [ ], commercial [ ], technique [ ], process [ ] to process [ ], separate [ ] to separate [ ], atmosphere [ ] atmospheric [ ], purify [ ] purification [ ], product [ ] to produce [ ].
3. :
casing-head gases
refine ,
obtain
accomplish
continuously operating plant
installation - , ;
pipe still ();
fractionating column
cut ,
fire brick
coil pipe
heat exchanger
vapour
partition
orifice
bubble plate
heat
cool
gradually
volatile
issue
feed (fed, fed) ()
trickle
drip
bottom
facilitate , ,
retain
impurity
evaporation ,
make for ,
by means of
sulphuric acid
alkali
heavy residue
vacuum unit
4. :
| 1) is quickly heated 2) the pipe still is lined with fire brick 3) 40 m in height 4) the industrial distillation is accomp- lished 5) for dividing petroleum into cuts 6) petroleum is pumped continuously 7) the less volatile hydrocarbons 8) issue from the column 9) several horizontal partitions 10) rises upwards 11) aid the cooling and condensation 12) the vapour is gradually cooled 13) passes through the orifices 14) atmospheric and vacuum distillation 15) to remove impurities 16) give up their heat 17) the undistillable heavy residue 18) after purification | 1) - 2) 3) - 4) 5) 6) 40 7) - 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) - 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) - |
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5. :
separation, industrial, distillation, individual, product, mixture, cylindrical, structure, horizontal, condensation, collect, commercial, process, atmospheric, vacuum, complex, form, technique.
6. , , :
separate separation separately; refine refining refiner; industry industrial industrialize; continue continuous continuously; distill distillate distillation distillable undistillable; heat superheat heating preheating heater; quick quickly; horizon horizontal; move movement; boil boiling boiler; produce production producer; cool cooling cooler; vapour evaporate evaporation evaporator; commerce commercial; sulphur sulphuric; purify purification; vary various.
7. :
, who, which, that (), , . :
The book you gave me was very interesting. = The book that you gave me was very interesting. , , .
, , .
I invited the girl I work with. = I invited the girl with whom I work. , .
The book you told me about is on the table. = The book about which you told me is on the table. , , .
, .
The book which (that) is on the table is very interesting. , , .
, .
1. Lubricants differ in properties depending upon the hydrocarbons they contain. 2. By processes similar to those we considered earlier the residual oil vapour is fractionated in the column into cuts. 3. Any mineral a metal can be obtained from is called an ore. 4. We find rock beneath the soil the surface of the earth is covered with. 5. The process oxygen takes part in is known as oxidation. 6. Some polymers the scientists discovered possess remarkable properties.
8. , (What, Where, When, How, etc.):
1. The liquid part of the petroleum passing downwards through the bubble plates forms residual oil. 2. Superheated steam is supplied at the bottom of the column. 3. The processes of evaporation and condensation repeated on plate after plate make for the better fractionation of the petroleum. 4. As they pass through heat exchangers, the cuts give up their heat to petroleum about to enter the pipe still. 5. The cuts are then purified by means of sulphuric acid and alkali. 6. Cuts, after purification, yield various lubricants. 7. The atmospheric unit serves to distill petroleum.
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