: 1. + (Perfect, Continuous, Passive)
2.
: Automation
1. :
d i al, env i ronment, dev i ce
previousl y, r e semble, e qu i pment, p e riod, e ff i cienc y, i n i tial
prod u ctive, p u nch, non-prod u ctive
dr aw, au tomation
a ssembly, m a nipulate, f a cilitate, investm e nt
f ee dback, s e quence
2. , :
manipulate [ ], assembly [ ], monitor [ ], particular [ ], sequence [ ], resemble [ ], efficiency [ ], dimension [ ], transfer [ ], period [ ], initial [ ], facilitate [ ], machine [ ], assembly
[ ], area [ ], investment [ ].
3. :
automation
previously
sequence
assembly plant
nonmanufacturing
device ,
resemble
efficiency
feedback
facilitate
punched
aid
dimension ,
dial ( )
equipment
initial ,
investment ,
rate ,
assembly machines
quantity
non-productive
changeover ,
4. :
| 1) both light and heavy workpieces 2) feedback principle 3) automatic devices 4) automated manufacturing 5) to perform simple tasks 6)highly automated system 7) service industries 8) the computer automatically gives the instructions 9) machine can speed up and low down 10) automatic assembly machines 11) certain chemical processes 12) fixed sequences of processing opera- tions 13) lost production time 14) different products 15) numerical-control machine-tool 16) application area | 1) 2) 3) 4) , 5) 6) - 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) |
5. :
sequences of operations, assembly plant, to describe nonmanufacturing systems, to operate independently, human control, several steps, simplification of work, to have better production efficiency, to perform simple tasks, to have ability to correct smth, to measure smth, to give rise to smth, punched paper, input device, consumer product industries.
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6. :
automatic telephone equipment, control systems, various operations, industrial robots, originally designed, to manipulate, automatic-control mechanisms, introduction of microprocessor, automatic signalling devices, to have sensors that detect smth, packaging of foods.
7. , :
industry industrial industrialization industrious; product production productive producer produce; facile facilitate facility facilitating; simple simplicity simplify simply.
8. :
, , , , ( ), , .
. , . :
You do not work as much as you should (work).
Can you draw? Yes, I can.
, , . : must, can (could), may (might), ought, shall, should, will, would.
, ought, to: I must leave you. She cant walk quickly. You may begin your work.
: You ought to work more.
must (must) . Must .
Must :
1. must , :
I must translate this article. .
, , had to go, shall/will have to speak . .
have + : , . .
I had to stay at home. .
am/are (was/were) + :
I am (was) to go there. ( ) .
2. must , , . , , , , , . . :
He must be very excited. , , .
must (be, see, write . .), must () :
()
She must be at home now. .
, , .
, , , must :
They must have noticed our raft. , , .
must , , Continuous:
| Where is Nina? She must be working in the reading-room. | ? , , . |
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can : can could.
Can . Could .
Can (could) :
1. Can (could) , , :
She can skate well. .
- to be able + :
I feel that I shall not to be able to look in her eyes. , .
2. can (could), , - .
It cant be so. - , , . , .
can (be, go, write . .), can () (.. ), (.. ). can (have been, have gone . .), , can :
She cant have known about it. , , . ( , .)
may : may might.
May . Might .
May (might) :
1. May (might) , , , :
May I come in? ? ?
to be allowed, to be permitted , :
You will not be allowed to talk to her. .
2. may (might), , - . may , , :
He may know about it. , .
may , may (), . may , may . :
He may have forgotten about it. , .
Continuous , , :
| Where is John? He may be playing in the garden. | ? , , . |
should , . should , should , , . :
You should be more attentive. .
should , , should , ; :
You should have waited for her yesterday. .
. , to be + II : to be written, to be invited, to be seen, to have been written, to have been invited . .
This letter must be sent immediately. .
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1. I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me if she (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it not (to stop) raining by the morning. 4. you (to ask) my sister to help you? I am very busy today. 5. it (to be) seven oclock now?
6. You not (to see) her at the party. She was at home working at her English. 7. He not (to forget) your request: he is very attentive to people. 8. Such devices as automatic pilots, automatic telephone equipment and automatic control system are used to perform various operations much faster and better than it (to do) by people. 9. I (to write) this composition yesterday, but I was too busy as I (to translate) a very long text from English. 10. I not (to take) my little brother to the evening performance, he was so excited; but I really (to do) so, for there was nobody at home to leave him with. 11. Although he felt unwell, he (to attend) the lesson, because the teacher explained some very difficult material.
9. , :
1. He knows mathematics much better than he did last year. He must (to work) a lot in summer. 2. Your mathematics is very poor. You cant (to work) at it in summer. 3. Where is Peter? Oh, he may (to read) in the library. He is getting ready for his examination in English. 4. I presume it must (to throw down) by one of the thieves as he took to his heels.
10. , (Indefinite Perfect, Active Passive):
) can:
1. Its so absurd. I cant even (to be) angry with you. 2. I could never really (to understand) what she saw in John. 3. It always amazed me that he of all people could (to bring) himself to marry a foreigner. 4. They were strangers, they couldnt (to expect)to understand that father was the very last person for such a thing to happen to. 5. He decided that with great care it could (to do). 6. The boots of Albert could (to hear) racing upstairs. 6. Ada was worried, but I couldnt (to bring) myself to treat the matter seriously. 7. Some method of communication can (to work) out.
) may:
1. On the last morning, on their way to breakfast she had been asked if the room might (to clean). 2. They might suddenly (to walk) through the wall by mistake into a different flat altogether. 3. They might by now (to find) the boy. 4. On Friday letters might (to expect) to arrive at Tommys rooms. 5. Marie: He never came in to say good-morning to me before he went to the city. John: He may (to be) in a hurry. 6. Possibly she may (to bring up) badly but thats the only excuse I can find for her.
) must:
1. Oh, Constance, what must you (to think) of me? 2. This thing must (to place) in his hands without a moments delay. 3. Ann must (to be) quite lovely as a girl. 4. I felt that this sort of thing must (to stop) at once. 5. He must (to warn) that he will get little thanks from the critics. 6. I had become careless. Something, a letter, perhaps, must (to find).
) should:
1. I must leave it up to you whether this information should not (to make) public. 2. Despite these complications we should (to have) the parents abroad in three hours. 3. They have a wonderful language. It should (to know) widely. 4.When a man is old enough to do wrong he should (to be) old enough to do right also. 5. I dont believe they are right who say that the defects of famous men should (to ignore); I think it is better that we should (to know) them. 6. It has been said that good prose should (to resemble) the conversation of a well-bred man. 7. There were so many reasons why she should (to be) sometimes unhappy. They could not meet often.
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) to have to:
1. We got poorer and poorer. The house had (to sell). 2. But everything in this life has (to pay) for, and love too has (to pay) for. 3. I feel so ashamed of my wretched health. Its so-so humiliating always to have (to ask) people to be doing things for me. 4. Its not untrue but is this really what he has (to say)? There is plenty of personal dirt we can throw into the next election; we dont like it, weve never do it, but if we have (to do) it, we will. 6. This is the game of life and we all have (to play) it sooner or later. 7. One has (to make) the best of things.
11. :
