Student: I am a petroleum engineer and I am interested in the construction of a subsurface centrifugal pump.
Teacher: All right. You may put questions to me and Ill try to answer them.
Student: Well, what can you say about the dimensions of such a pump?
Teacher: As far as I know, the cross-sectional dimensions of a motor are restricted by the diameter of the casing string but the length of it is quite considerable.
Student: As far as I can judge the speed of this motor must also be considerable.
Teacher: Yes, as it was mentioned in special literature the speed of subsurface pump motors is about 3000 rpm.
Student: Well, if the length of a subsurface centrifugal pump is considerable (about 7 meters) then it is not convenient for transportation?
Teacher: Right you are, for transportation the motor and pump which are quite long are placed on special racks keeping them fixed and protecting them from bending under gravity.
Student: Thank you very much for the information you have given to me.
21. :
The professor, who was famous for being absent-minded, returned home and rang at the door.
The ring was answered by a new maid. The girl looked at him inquiringly.
Um-ah- is Professor Thompson at home? he asked, naming himself.
No, sir, the maid replied, but he is expected any moment now.
The professor turned away, the girl closed the door. Then the poor man sat down on the steps to wait for himself.
At the Top
- A telegram from George, dear.
- Well, did he pass the examination this time?
- No, but he is almost at the top of the list of those who failed.
Father: Arent you ashamed to be at the bottom in a class of twenty-eight boys?
Willie: Oh, thats not so bad.
Father: What do you mean, not so bad?
Willie: Suppose there were fifty boys.
7
: 1. I. II.
: Oil and Gas Field Development
1. :
- gas, natural, dynamic
- pump, production, flooding, result, cut, number,
- problem, optimal, cost.
- important, call, all, porous, smaller, short
- work, surface, occur
- equipment, quarter
- mechanical, located, injection
2. , :
development [ ], accordance [ ], geological [ ], hydrodynamic [ ], occur [ ], mechanical [ ], pressure [ ], fluid [ ], various [ ], maintain [ ], injection [ ], artificial [ ].
3. :
oil (gas) field - ()
development - ,
consist in -
in accordance with -
condition - ,
project - ,
well -
datum (pl data) -
obtain - ,
exploratory drilling -
exploitation -
spacing - ()
production well -
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interrelated -
occur - ,
flow - ,
porous -
stratum (p1 strata) - ()
lift -
surface -
flowing well -
fluid -
formational pressure -
directly -
by means of -
air-gas lift - ()
subsurface -
pump -
inject - ,
injection -
compressed gas -
maintain - ,
ensure - ,
rate of production - ,
injection well -
water flooding -
edge water -
large scale - ()
artificial -
cut -
expenditure - ,
operate - (.: )
area - ,
save -
due to -
reduction -
cost-
4. :
1) In accordance with 1)
2) exploratory drilling 2)
3) well exploitation 3)
4) flowing well 4)
5) formational pressure 5)
6) injection well 6)
7) water flooding 7)
8) oil production 8)
9) oil field development 9)
10) production well 10)
5. :
a complex work, to the surface, special development projects, based on, during exploratory drilling, consists in, optimal spacing, through porous rock, well exploitation, by the natural formational pressure, various engineering equipment, subsurface pumps, a compressed gas, water flooding, on a large scale, due to the reduction of, the cost of.
6. :
oil and gas field, a complex work, special development, natural conditions, drilling and exploitation, important problems, optimal spacing, production wells, is dictated by..., geological conditions, hydrodynamic and economicalcalculations, through porous rock, the methods of lifting, they can be classified into..., two basic groups, mechanical exploitation, a compressed gas, 70 percent, the given system, to increase the distance, the result of which, in a short period of time.
7. , , :
develop development; explore exploratory; exploit exploitation; dictate dictator; geology - geological geologist; calculate - calculator calculation; occur occurrence; pore - porous porosity; mechanics mechanical; vary various; equip equipment; direct directly; compress - compressor compressed; press pressure; maintain - maintenance.
8.
-al:
special, natural, optimal, geological, economical, mechanical, formational, artificial.
9. development (; ) :
1. The Russian economic development means the dynamic and balanced growth of production, the speeding up of scientific and technical progress, the development of high technologies and so on. 2. The development of industries must meet the countrys growing requirements in metals, energy, chemical products, timber and building materials. 3. Gas and oil were first discovered in the North Sea off Britains shores recently. But still coal has a role to play in the countrys energy policy based on the development of fossil fuels.
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10. :
to consist of - ...
Many of the oil fields in California consist of not one but several individual oil pools.
to consist in - ...
Now the task consists in choosing a proper prospecting method.
11. Participle I ( I) -ing . , Participle I :
)
(
-, -, -, -)
the boiling water the teacher training students
corresponding units the pipes connecting the oil tanks
a moving body the engineer testing these devices
a reading man
) ( ):
1. +
2. , -,
3. ( )
Working with the substance
Reading an English text
When developing an old field
They usually filter water using sand filters.
Participle I : Continuous:
1. is working in the laboratory.
2. They were discussing a very difficult problem.
3. Students will be working here from 9 till 12 oclock in the morning.
, Participle I:
1.Working with the substance, the experimentor always adds some water to it. 2.The problems facing our laboratory this year are very important for our industry.
3. Carbon combines with oxygen, forming carbon dioxide. 4. The man lecturing in Room 312 is a professor of our department. 5. Reading technical texts, research workers pay attention to new information. 6. The students are experimenting with new substances. 7. The seminar beginning today ends in three days. 8. The Dean is opening the meeting. 9. The water flowing from springs and streams makes rivers or lakes. 10. The students are completing their work. 11. The students completing their second year at the university go for their professional training to different plants and oil fields. 12. Oil and gas field development is a complex work consisting in drilling of the field and lifting of oil and gas to the surface. 13. When developing an oil field two interrelated processes occur. 14. In Russia more than 70 per cent of oil is produced using this method. 15. Injection of gas and water into the well is the best method of maintaining the formational pressure, ensuring high rates of oil production.
12. I II :
to read, to do, to leave, to give, to know, to connect, to make, to speak, to build, to equip, to show, to design.
13. :
; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ; ; , .
