Student: We are interested in Russian oil and gas potential and we are going to ask you some questions.
Teacher: All right. You may put questions to me and Ill try to answer them.
Student: Well, what can you say about oil and gas deposits in Russia?
Teacher: As far as I know our country has unique oil and gas deposits. New discoveries come thick and fast.
Student: Where are the largest of them located?
Teacher: You see, the largest have been those of the West Siberian gas fields, mainly in the Tyumen region, in the Komi Autonomous Republic, and near Orenburg.
22. :
Two students father were talking about their children. One of them said: When my son went to college, it took him three years to get his BS.
The second father smiled: Thats nothing. When my daughter went to college, it took her two years to get a Ph. D.
How could she get a Ph. D. in only two years?
Father said complacently She married him.
1) BS Bachelor of Science
2) Ph. D. Doctor of Philosophy
3) complacently
* * *
The professor was delivering the final lecture of the term. He stressed the fact that each student should devote all the time that he has to preparing for the final examinations.
The examination papers are now in the hands of the printer. Are there any questions?
There was a silence. Suddenly a voice from the back seat asked: Whos the printer?
Which Is Best
Two men with their sons in college were talking things over. My boy is certainly getting smart in the language, boasted one, his letters always send me to the dictionary.
You are lucky, growled the other, my boys letters always send me to the bank.
6
: 1. .
2. II.
3. .
4. .
: Drilling
1. :
- discovering, hung, jumping, other, countryside, under, gusher, uppermost, mud, flush, cuttings, thus, unimportant
- heavy, credit, empty, method, prevent, effective, instead
- called, board, born, water, overall
- early, earth, third, circulate, turbo-drilling, turbine, surface, turn
- through, tool, remove, fluid, blew, moving,
- tube, spew, introduce, reducing
- underground, around, doubt, encountered
- framework, raised, ancient, cable, casing, caving, wasted, formation, penetrated,
obtain, bailer
- only, over, hole, lower, notably, blow, flow, rotary, motor
- pipe, describe, brine, provide, high-grade
- machinery, mentioned, ancient, traditionally, Russia, Russian, commercial, essentially, pressure, stationary, penetration, efficiency, application
- century, Chinese, attach
2. , :
machinery [ ], derrick [ ], technique [ ],
commercial [ ], essentially [ ], suspended [ ], progressively [ ], diameter [ ], prevent [ ], effective [ ], progress [ ], encountered [ ], pressure [ ], quantities [ ], spectacular [ ], serious [ ], continuously [ ], surface [ ], annular [ ], column [ ], stationary [ ], efficiency [ ].
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3. :
Titusville [ ], Pennsylvania [ ], Ontario [ ], Canada [ ], Chinese [ ].
4. :
rock - ()
framework -
derrick -
tap - ()
stratum (strata) - , (, )
brine -
bit -
commercial -
cable-tool method - -
blow -
attach -
drill stem - ( ), ( )
length - ; ()
suspend -
wire -
rope - ;
bottom - ; ; ,
cuttings - ;
bailer -
tube - ; syn. pipe
valve - ; ,
casing - ;
caving - ,
flow - ,
shallow - ; ant. deep
means - ,
by means of - ,
stem - ,
encounter - () ,
blow out -
spew -
quantities - , ,
gusher - ,
spectacular - ,
waste - ,
hazard - ,
rotary method -
turn of the century - ()
string -
rotary table -
kelly -
drilling fluid (mud) - ,
hollow - ,
surface -
annular space - ,
flush - ,
column -
formation - ;
penetrate - ,
turbo-drilling -
stationary -
stream -
rate of penetration -
conventional - , ,
wear out - ; wear -
overall -
high-grade - ,
obtain - , ,
rapid - , ; syn. quick, fast
5. :
1) ways of discovering 1)
2) steel framework 2) ,
3) the third century A.D. 3)
4) spring board 4)
5) cable tool method 5)
6) essentially 6)
7) except for 7)
8) to keep back 8)
9) shallow wells 9)
10) were a serious fire hazard 10) ()
11) instead of moving up and down 11) ..
12) the uppermost pipe 12)
13) powered by 13)
14) although 14)
15) rapid bit wear 15) -
6. :
ways of discovering, underground oil, the only way, steel framework, is raised and lowered, goes far back into history, as early as the 3rd century A.D., a heavy bit, as to, the first commercial oil well, repeated blows, except for, from time to time, in such cases, over the countryside, at the turn of the century, instead of moving up and down, by means of, the uppermost pipe, with this method, so that, rapid bit wear.
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7. :
machinery, the technique of well drilling, the petroleum industry, traditionally, a Russian engineer, the first commercial oil well, cable tool method, effective for shallow wells, progress was slow, the flow of oil and gas, a serious fire hazard, is circulated down, the risk of blow out, a variant of rotary drilling, turbo-drilling, fluid motor or turbine, overall efficiency.
8. , :
history - historic - historical - historian; tradition - traditional - traditionally; consider - considerable - consideration; drill - drilling - driller; note - notable - notably; commerce - commercial - commercially - commercialize - commercialism; essence - essential - essentially; attach - attachment; suspend - suspender - suspension; cut - cutter - cutting; progress - progressive - progressively; spectacle - spectacular - spectator; rotate - rotation - rotational - rotative - rotary - rotatory; introduce - introduction - introductory; continue - continuous - continuously - continual - continually - continuance - continuation - continuity; penetrate - penetration; apply - appliance - applicable - applicant - application.
9. , :
only - little -
the only - a little -
first - few -
the first - a few -
other - ,
another - ,
1. The only way to get underground oil is to make a borehole through the rock, earth and sand. 2. Only metals can be used over and over again. 3. Nowadays he was very busy and he saw few of his old friends. 4. Adeline had slept little last night and she had a headache. 5. I beg your pardon, but allow me to have my dinner first, for I am hungry. 6. The only Greek letters used to denote kinds of rays are alpha, beta, gamma, pi and mu. 7. There remain only five cases to be considered in this analytic study. 8. The first reaction from the financial community abroad to the measures taken by the British Government was cautiously favourable. 9. Im afraid I have not much news to convey but still there are a few things I should like to add. 10. Aunt Florrie had a little money. 11. At the same time oil wells were being drilled in other places. 12. Would you like another cup of tea? 13. I made few friends in those days, for I was occupied with other things. 14. The houses on the other side of the river were built out of gray stone.
