interconnected networks . 1969 . ARPANET, , . , . 1983 ., ARPANET TCP/IP.
, , (Internet Service Provider ISP). (-, - ) (Network Access Point NAP) () (Point of Presence POP) .
. . .
. , . , , . , 56 / .
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line ), , . (ADSL Asymmetrical DSL) , . . ADSL 1 / 8 / . ADSL-. DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer), .
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) , , . ISDN-. 128 /.
. , , .
DPL (Digital Power Line), 1 /.
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, . 30 , . . : ( ).
.
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications), (2G . Generation). : CSD (Circuit Switched Data , 9.6 /); GPRS (General Packet Radio Service , 2.5G, 128 /), EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution GSM, 2.75G 474 /).
(3G), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access CDMA, 2 /) HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access , 3.5G 14 /).
(4G) Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity , 54 /) WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access , 75 /); LTE (Long-Term Evolution , 326,4 /). Wi-Fi (Wireless LAN), . WiMAX , (Wireless MAN), Wi-Fi DSL. LTE WiMAX, 4G , 2010 ( WiMAX), , .