.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, , 100 , :

(2.1)

(2.2)

.

, (2.1) (2.2) :

(2.3)

13 % (.) (2.4)

,(ρ , /3).

, :

- () m ( /100 )

; (2.5)

n ( /1000 )

; (2.6)

- () (/3 )

, (2.7)

Mi Mp .

m (, ./3 ) :

, (2.8)

ai .

, (-./13 , ) - (/1000 , N) :

(2.9)

, - . , - . , , . :

+ BN ↔ AN+BM

: [A] + [B] = [M] + [N], [A], [B], [M] [N]- .

- . :

[A] = [M]; [BN] = [N] [AN] = [A] [M] = [N] [B];

[A] = []; [BN] = [] [] = [] [N] = [M] [A];

[AN] = [N]; [BM] = [B] [A] = [A] [N] = [M] [B];

[AN] = []; [BM] = [M] [N] = [] [M] = [N] [A];

, . , :

(2.10)

 

(2.11)

 

(2.12)

 

(2.13)

 

(2.14)

 

(2.15)

( .) 100 , %;

100 , ;

1 3 , /;

. . 1 3 ;

1 3 ;

M 1000 ;

. ;

. ;

ρ ;

NA, NP, MA, MB . .

 





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