, . , .
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, . , - , .
, . , " " ( , 1953 ., ) .
.
S1, S2 S3 ( 3 ). C1 C2 ( 2 , ). , .
, , .
3.6
C1 | C2 | |
S1 | -2000 | + 2000 |
S2 | -1000 | +3000 |
S3 | +1000 | +2000 |
:
2000 , , S1, C1;
2000 , , S1 C2;
1000 , , S2 C1 , .
, , , , , .
, "" , , .
, . , .
|
|
. .
, , .
C2 , . , , , C1, .
. S2 3000 , C2 , , , C1.
, S3, 1000 .
:
, ;
- , ;
;
, (1000 ) ; ;
() , .
. , , .
.
C1 | C2 | |
S1 | -2000 | - 4000 |
S2 | -1000 | +3000 |
S3 | +1000 | +2000 |
3.7
, .
S1, .
S3, .
S3.
. , S1 , , S3, C1 .
, , , . :
S1 (min) "" - 4000 ;
S2 (min) "" - 1000 ;
S3 (min) + 1000 .
, (max) (min) 1000 S3 , C1. MaxiMin.
, :
|
|
C1 (max) 1000 ;
C2 (max) 2000 .
, , , C1, (min) (max) . MiniMax.
, S3 C1, C1 S3.
, , .
"" , .
. , , , S C. , , , .
, , , ( ) .
, , If... Then ( Prolog). , . , Pascal C++ 5...10 .
, .
C1 | C2 | |
S1 | -3000 | +7000 |
S2 | +6000 | +1000 |
3.8
( ) , , .
S1, S2. , , , .
C1, 0.5(-3000)+0.5(+6000 ) = 1500 .
C2, 0.5(+7000)+0.5(+1000 ) = 4000 .
, , . , , ? 1500 , .
( S1 S2) ( C1 C2) ? , . .
, .
, , ( ).
.
|
|
S1 e, S2 (1 - e).
W(C1) = e (-3000) + (1-e) (+6000) = 6000 - 9000e
C1
W(C2) = e (+7000) + (1-e) (+1000) = 1000 + 6000e
C2.
W(C1) = W(C2); {3 - 16}
e =1/3 (-3000)(1/3)+(+6000)(2/3)=3000 .