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, . , .

, ( ) , , , . " ", , , , .

, . , - , .

, . , " " ( , 1953 ., ) .

.

S1, S2 S3 ( 3 ). C1 C2 ( 2 , ). , .

, , .

3.6

  C1 C2
S1 -2000 + 2000
S2 -1000 +3000
S3 +1000 +2000

 

:

2000 , , S1, C1;

2000 , , S1 C2;

1000 , , S2 C1 , .

, , , , , .

, "" , , .

, . , .

. .

, , .

C2 , . , , , C1, .

. S2 3000 , C2 , , , C1.

, S3, 1000 .

:

, ;

- , ;

;

, (1000 ) ; ;

() , .

. , , .

.

  C1 C2
S1 -2000 - 4000
S2 -1000 +3000
S3 +1000 +2000

3.7

 

, .

S1, .

S3, .

S3.

. , S1 , , S3, C1 .

, , , . :

S1 (min) "" - 4000 ;

S2 (min) "" - 1000 ;

S3 (min) + 1000 .

, (max) (min) 1000 S3 , C1. MaxiMin.

, :

C1 (max) 1000 ;

C2 (max) 2000 .

, , , C1, (min) (max) . MiniMax.

, S3 C1, C1 S3.

, , .

"" , .

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, , If... Then ( Prolog). , . , Pascal C++ 5...10 .

, .

  C1 C2
S1 -3000 +7000
S2 +6000 +1000

3.8

( ) , , .

S1, S2. , , , .

C1, 0.5(-3000)+0.5(+6000 ) = 1500 .

C2, 0.5(+7000)+0.5(+1000 ) = 4000 .

, , . , , ? 1500 , .

( S1 S2) ( C1 C2) ? , . .

, .

, , ( ).

.

S1 e, S2 (1 - e).

W(C1) = e (-3000) + (1-e) (+6000) = 6000 - 9000e

C1

W(C2) = e (+7000) + (1-e) (+1000) = 1000 + 6000e

C2.

W(C1) = W(C2); {3 - 16}

e =1/3 (-3000)(1/3)+(+6000)(2/3)=3000 .

 





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