.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


- ( )




:

- ;

- ;

.

.

. - , , . , . .

() , ( ). .

() . , , . , , , , , .. , , , .

, , . () . - , .

- , (), .

, , , .

. (), , . . . .

, , . ( , , .) . , , .

7.2. [1, 2]

, , , , . , ( , , .).

. . , .

- P(t) ( ),

- F(t),

- l(t),

- .

- q(t) = 1 - P(t).

. , .

, N(0) . t n . :

N(t) = N(0) n.

Q(t) = n/N(0) t. , , :

Q(t) = .

P(t),

P(t) = 1 Q(t)

, t .

P(t) , t, . , t , .

(t1; t2) . P(t1; t2) (t1; t2) t1. P(t1; t2) :

P(t1; t2) = P(t2)/ P(t1),

P(t1) P(t2) - (t1) (t2) .

. t f(t) = Q(t)/t = n/(N(0)*t). Q(t), f(t):

f(t) = dQ(t)/dt = - dP(t)/dt.

f(t)dt , (t; t+dt) , t .

 

. , , l(t). l(t) , . l(t)

l (t) = f(t)/P(t) = (1/P(t)) dQ/dt.

l (t) - n(t) , N(t) , t:

l (t)=n(t)/(N(t)*t),

t - .

: 1000 500 . 2 . , l(t)=n(t)/(N*t)=2/(1000*500)=4*10-6 1/, .. 1 4- .

, , l, :

l=N*li

, , , , . n , . . , , , . P(t) l :

P(t)=exp(-lt), , 0<P(t)<1 p(0)=1, p(¥)=0

 

[ 1, 6, 8 ]. . 1 l(t) .

 

. 1.

, *10-5, 1/
  0,00011,5
  0,00116,4
  0,0026,4
  0,0024,4
  0,05101
  0,01250
  0,0190
  0,00032,8
  0,0019,1
  0,011
  , 0,011
  100600

 

, l(t)dt , (t; t+dt) , t . Δti :

l = Δni /(NΔti),

Δni = Ni - Ni+1 - ; Ncp = (Ni + Ni+1)/2 - ; Ni, Ni+1 - Δti.

l(t) f(t) :

P(t) = exp(- l(t) dt), P(t) = exp(- f(t) dt)

P(t), l(t) f(t), .

, :

P(t1; t2) = exp(- l(t) dt).

N , lN(t) = Nl(t).

 

P(t)

= P(t) dt.

= Dni ti, ti = (ti+ti+1)/2, m = t/Dt

 

Δni - Δti = (ti+1-ti);

ti, ti+1 - (t1=0);

t - , ; m - .

 

To - :

To=1/l=1/(N*li), , : l=1/To

.

: li=1*10-5 1/. N=1*104 l= N*li=10-1 1/. To=1/l=10 . 4- (), N/4=2500 25000 . 34 3 .

 

. 20 10, 5, - 5. , , , .

 

P(1)=(20-10)/20 = 0.5,

P(2)=(20-15)/20 = 0.25, P(1;2)= P(2)/ P(1) = 0.25/0.5 = 0.5,

P(3)=(20-20)/20 = 0, P(2;3)= P(3)/ P(2) = 0/0.25 = 0,

 

f(1)=10/(201) = 0.5 -1,

f(2)=5/(201) = 0.25 -1,

f(3)=5/(201) = 0.25 -1,

 

l(1)=10/[(20*1] = 0.5 -1,

l(2)=5/[(10*1] = 0.5 -1,

l(3)=5/[(5*1] = 1 -1,

 

 

= (100.5+51.5+52.5)/20 = 1.25 .

. : , - . , .

, l(t) t. 7.2.1.

. 7.2.1.

: I, II, III.

(0 - t1) , , , . , , , . , , .

. , . .

, , I, l(t), , , . , ( ) lmin t1.

(, ), ( ) ( ) .

, ( 2-5 ) , ( , -, , .).

. (t1t2) . , , . . , .

, ( - ) - , , . , , , , . .

, (t1t2) lmin const. lmin , (t1 t2) , , . . .

. . . .

- , . , .

- , , , . , - - .

, , . (t2t3) , , , ( ), . , .

. . , , : , , .

, , . , . , . , . .

t 0 = (-t), i Pi = i ti exp(-t)/i!, i = 0, 1, 2,..., n - .

7.3. [1]

, , , .

, , . ., , , : , , . .

. , , () , .

.

- (, ) .

- , .

- () , , , , . . . ( , ) , , .

, , , , , , , , , , .





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