:
- ;
- ;
.
.
. - , , . , . .
() , ( ). .
() . , , . , , , , , .. , , , .
, , . () . - , .
- , (), .
, , , .
. (), , . . . .
, , . ( , , .) . , , .
7.2. [1, 2]
, , , , . , ( , , .).
. . , .
- P(t) ( ),
- F(t),
- l(t),
- .
- q(t) = 1 - P(t).
. , .
, N(0) . t n . :
N(t) = N(0) n.
Q(t) = n/N(0) t. , , :
Q(t) = .
P(t),
P(t) = 1 Q(t)
, t .
P(t) , t, . , t , .
(t1; t2) . P(t1; t2) (t1; t2) t1. P(t1; t2) :
P(t1; t2) = P(t2)/ P(t1),
P(t1) P(t2) - (t1) (t2) .
. t f(t) = Q(t)/t = n/(N(0)*t). Q(t), f(t):
f(t) = dQ(t)/dt = - dP(t)/dt.
f(t)dt , (t; t+dt) , t .
. , , l(t). l(t) , . l(t)
l (t) = f(t)/P(t) = (1/P(t)) dQ/dt.
l (t) - n(t) , N(t) , t:
l (t)=n(t)/(N(t)*t),
t - .
: 1000 500 . 2 . , l(t)=n(t)/(N*t)=2/(1000*500)=4*10-6 1/, .. 1 4- .
, , l, :
l=N*li
, , , , . n , . . , , , . P(t) l :
P(t)=exp(-lt), , 0<P(t)<1 p(0)=1, p(¥)=0
[ 1, 6, 8 ]. . 1 l(t) .
. 1.
, *10-5, 1/ | ||
0,00011,5 | ||
0,00116,4 | ||
0,0026,4 | ||
0,0024,4 | ||
0,05101 | ||
0,01250 | ||
0,0190 | ||
0,00032,8 | ||
0,0019,1 | ||
0,011 | ||
, | 0,011 | |
100600 |
, l(t)dt , (t; t+dt) , t . Δti :
l = Δni /(NΔti),
Δni = Ni - Ni+1 - ; Ncp = (Ni + Ni+1)/2 - ; Ni, Ni+1 - Δti.
l(t) f(t) :
P(t) = exp(- l(t) dt), P(t) = exp(- f(t) dt)
P(t), l(t) f(t), .
, :
P(t1; t2) = exp(- l(t) dt).
N , lN(t) = Nl(t).
P(t)
= P(t) dt.
= Dni ti, ti = (ti+ti+1)/2, m = t/Dt
Δni - Δti = (ti+1-ti);
ti, ti+1 - (t1=0);
t - , ; m - .
To - :
To=1/l=1/(N*li), , : l=1/To
.
: li=1*10-5 1/. N=1*104 l= N*li=10-1 1/. To=1/l=10 . 4- (), N/4=2500 25000 . 34 3 .
. 20 10, 5, - 5. , , , .
P(1)=(20-10)/20 = 0.5,
P(2)=(20-15)/20 = 0.25, P(1;2)= P(2)/ P(1) = 0.25/0.5 = 0.5,
P(3)=(20-20)/20 = 0, P(2;3)= P(3)/ P(2) = 0/0.25 = 0,
f(1)=10/(201) = 0.5 -1,
f(2)=5/(201) = 0.25 -1,
f(3)=5/(201) = 0.25 -1,
l(1)=10/[(20*1] = 0.5 -1,
l(2)=5/[(10*1] = 0.5 -1,
l(3)=5/[(5*1] = 1 -1,
= (100.5+51.5+52.5)/20 = 1.25 .
. : , - . , .
, l(t) t. 7.2.1.
. 7.2.1. |
: I, II, III.
(0 - t1) , , , . , , , . , , .
. , . .
, , I, l(t), , , . , ( ) lmin t1.
(, ), ( ) ( ) .
, ( 2-5 ) , ( , -, , .).
. (t1t2) . , , . . , .
, ( - ) - , , . , , , , . .
, (t1t2) lmin const. lmin , (t1 t2) , , . . .
. . . .
- , . , .
- , , , . , - - .
, , . (t2t3) , , , ( ), . , .
. . , , : , , .
, , . , . , . , . .
t 0 = (-t), i Pi = i ti exp(-t)/i!, i = 0, 1, 2,..., n - .
7.3. [1]
, , , .
, , . ., , , : , , . .
. , , () , .
.
- (, ) .
- , .
- () , , , , . . . ( , ) , , .
, , , , , , , , , , .