.1.1 - .1.
.1
, % | ||
3 | g( 3)2 | |
95 - 100 75 - 95 50 - 75 25 - 50 5 - 25 0 - 5 | 0 - 5 5 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 75 75 - 90 95 - 100 |
.1.2 - .2.
.2
, % | , % | |
() | 95 - 100 | 0 - 5 |
() () () () | 75 - 95 | 5 - 25 |
(, , ) () | 50 - 75 | 25 - 50 |
() (, , ) | 25 - 50 | 50 - 75 |
() (, , ) | 5 - 25 | 75 - 95 |
(, , ) | 0 - 5 | 95 - 100 |
.1.3 - .3.
.3
, % | ||||
- 3, % | g(3)2, % | |||
0 - 5 | 95 - 100 | 95 - 100 | ||
5 - 25 | 75 - 95 | 75 - 95 | ||
25 - 50 | 50 - 75 | 50 - 75 | ||
50 - 75 | 25 - 50 | 25 - 50 | ||
75 - 95 | 5 - 25 | 5 - 25 | ||
95 - 100 | 0 - 5 | 0 - 5 |
.2
.2.1 .4.
.4
, | |
≤ 5 5 < E ≤ 10 10 < E ≤ 50 E > 50 |
.2.2 u .5.
.5
u, | |
u ≤ 10 10 < u ≤ 20 20 < u ≤ 40 40 < u ≤ 75 75 < u ≤ 150 150 < u ≤ 300 u > 300 |
.2.3 St .6.
.6
St, .. | |
St ~ 1 1 < St ≤ 2 2 < St ≤ 4 4 < St ≤ 8 St > 8 |
|
|
.2.4 () L [6] .7.
.7
() L, | |
L ≤ 5 5 < L ≤ 10 10 < L ≤ 25 L >25 |
.2.5 Ir .8.
.8
Ir, .. | ||
0,03 < Ir ≤ 0,07 | 0,10 < Ir ≤ 0,30 | |
0,07 < Ir ≤ 0,10 | 0,30 < Ir ≤ 0,50 | |
Ir > 0,10 | Ir > 0,50 |
.2.6 FL [7] :
- FL ≤ 1,15;
- FL > 1,15.
.2.7 h [5] .9.
.9
h, | |
h ≤ 1,0 1,0 < h ≤2,5 h > 2,5 |
()
.1 , , .1.1 - .1.3.
.1.1 .1.
.1
, % | l / a | ||
< 0,1 | < 1,0 | . - , | |
: | 0,1≤ ≤ 0,5 0,5 < ≤ 1,5 1,5< ≤ 3 | 1,0 - 1,5 1,5 - 2,5 2,5 - 4,0 | . |
> 3 | > 4,0 | . . |
- l/a, l - , a - . , (, ..) l a.
.1.2 .2.
.2
- | |
- | , |
- | , . |
- |
|
|
- , .4 (. ).
.1.3. .3.
.3
vp. / vp. , .. | |
0,6 0,6 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0, 03 0,03. |
: vp. --- ; vp. - .
.2 RQD .4.
.4
RQD, % | |
RQD > 90 90 ≥ RQD ≥ 75 75 > RQD ≥ 50 50 > RQD ≥ 25 RQD < 25 |
.3 , , .3.1 .3.2.
.3.1 .5:
.5
, | |
> 80 80 20 < 20 |
.3.2 :
- () - , ;
- - , , ;
- - , , ;
- - , , ;
- - ( ), , , ( ).
.4 , , , , .4.1 - .4.5.
.4.1 .6.
.6
≥ 80 80> ≥ 60 60> ≥ 30 30 > ≥ 10 < 10 |
- (, ) - .
|
|
.4.2 b .7.
.7
b, | |
- | b ≥ 10 10 > b ≥ 1 1> b ≥ 0,1 0,1> b ≥ 0,01 b < 0,01 |
.4.3 l .8.
.8
l, | |
l ≥ 100 100 > l ≥ 10 10 > l ≥ 1 1> l ≥ 0,1 l < 0,1 |
.4.4 .9.
.9
, |
.4.5 .10.
.10
5 | ||
5 30 | , | |
30 |
- , ( ) , , ,
1,0 . - .
.5 .11.
.11
( ) | ||
- , |
- .
.6 .12.
.12
, | |
> 20 000 20 000 10 000 > 10 000 5 000 > 5 000 2 000 < 2 000 |
.7 .7 (. ).
()
, ,
.1 Very coarse soils ( ) - , 63 .
.2 Coarse-grained soils ( ) - , 50 % 0,063 ( [1]) 0,075 ( [2]).
|
|
.3 Fine-grained soils ( ) - , 50 % 0,063 ( [1]) 0,075 ( [2]).
.4 Liquid limit ( ), wL [3], LL [4] - [3] - , [4] .
.5 Liquid limit oven dried ( ), LL O - = 105 .
.6 Liquid limit non dried ( ), LLN - .
.7 Plastic limit ( ), wP [3], PL [4] - , 5180 .
.8 Plasticity index ( ) PI [4], - .1, IP [3] - , (. .31 ).
PI = LL - PL; (.1)
.9 Liquidity index ( ) IL [1] - , (. .18 ).
.10 Consistency index ( ) Ic [1] -
(.2)
.11 Plasticity Chart ( ) - PI - LL, , (. .2).
.12 Uniformity coefficient ( ), Cu - , (. .25 ).
Cu .
.13 Coefficient of curvature ( ), CC - (. .1).
, (.3)
d 60, d 30, d 10 - , 60, 30 10% ( ) .
.14 Well graded soil ( ), W - , Cu C.
.15 Poorly graded soil ( ), P - , Cu C.
.16 Flow chart ( ) - -, .
()
, , 14688-2:2004 [1] D 2487-2000 [2]
.1
.1.1 , [1] [2] , , (. .1).
.1.2 ISO 14688 ASTM D 2487 .1.
.1.3 [1] [2] (. . .2), ( 0,063 0,075 ).
.1.4 [1] [2] , 5180 [3] [4], (. .3).
.1.5 - ( ) ( = 105 ).
.1.6 .
.1 - , [1] [2]
, | 76,2 | 6,3 | 4,75 | ||||||||||||||
, | , | , | |||||||||||||||
[1] | Large boulders | Boulders | Cobbles | Coarse gravel | Medium gravel | Fine gravel | |||||||||||
[2] | Boulders | Cobbles | Gravel | Sand | |||||||||||||
coarse | fine | coarse |
|
|
.1
, | 0,63 | 0,5 | 0,425 | 0,25 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,075 | 0,063 | 0,05 | 0,02 | 0,0063 | 0,005 | 0,002 | < 0,002 |
[1] | Sand | Silt | Clay | |||||||||||
coarse | medium | fine | coarse | medium | fine | |||||||||
[2] | Sand | Silt | Clay | |||||||||||
medium | fine |
.2 ,
.2.1 , , , (. .1), (. . .1).
.2.2 , [2] : 300, 76.2, 19, 4.75, 0.425 0.075 ; [1] - 630, 200, 63, 20, 6.3, 0.63, 0.2 0.063 ; - 800, 400, 200, 100, 60, 40, 20, 10, 4, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, 0.05 . d 60, d 30 d 10.
. .1
.2.3 , [1] [2] .
.2.4 , .3.
.2.5 , [2] - (Flow Charts), .
.2.6 [1] . . ( ) , . . . . : sandy medium gravel (saMGr), fine gravelly, coarse sandy silt (fgrcsaSi).
.2.7 , [1] [2], .2 .3.
.2 - , [1]
25100 | [1] | ||
() | Boulders, sandy boulders, silty boulders, clayey boulders | Bo, saBo, siBo, clBo | |
() | Sandy boulders, silty sandy boulders, clayey sandy boulders | saBo, sisaBo, clsaBo | |
() (, ) | Silty boulders, clayey boulders, sandy silty boulders, sandy clayey boulders | siBo, clBo, sasiBo, saclBo | |
() | Cobbles, sandy cobbles, silty cobbles, clayey cobbles; Coarse (medium) gravel, sandy coarse (medium) gravel, silty coarse (medium) gravel, clayey coarse (medium) gravel | Co, saCo, siCo, clCo; CGr (MGr), saCGr (MGr), siCGr (MGr), clCGr (MGr) | |
() | Sandy cobbles, silty sandy cobbles, clayey sandy cobbles; Sandy coarse (medium) gravel, silty sandy coarse (medium) gravel, clayey sandy coarse (medium) gravel | saCo, sisaCo, clsaCo; saCGr (MGr), sisaCGr (MGr), clsaCGr (MGr) | |
() (, ) | Silty cobbles, clayey cobbles, sandy silty cobbles, sandy clayey cobbles; Silty coarse (medium) gravel, clayey coarse (medium) gravel, sandy silty coarse (medium) gravel, sandy clayey coarse (medium) gravel | siCo, clCo, sasiCo, saclCo; siCGr (MGr), clCGr (MGr), sasiCGr (MGr), saclCGr (MGr) | |
() | Medium (fine) gravel, sandy medium (fine) gravel, silty medium (fine) gravel, clayey medium (fine) gravel | MGr (FGr), saMGr (FGr), siMGr (FGr), clMGr (FGr) | |
() | Sandy medium (fine) gravel, silty sandy medium (fine) gravel, clayey sandy medium (fine) gravel | saMGr (FGr), sisaMGr (FGr), clsaMGr (FGr) | |
() (, ) | Silty medium (fine) gravel, clayey medium (fine) gravel, sandy silty medium (fine) gravel, sandy clayey medium (fine) gravel | siMGr (FGr), clMGr (FGr), sasiMGr (FGr), saclMGr (FGr) | |
.3 - , [2]
25100 | [2]* | ||
() | Boulders (cobbles); boulders (cobbles) with sand | G | |
Boulders (cobbles) with silt; boulders (cobbles) with silt and sand | G - GM | ||
Boulders (cobbles) with clay; boulders (cobbles) with clay and sand | G - GC | ||
Silty boulders (cobbles); silty boulders (cobbles) with sand | GM | ||
Clayey boulders (cobbles); clayey boulders (cobbles) with sand | GC | ||
() | Boulders (cobbles) with silt; boulders (cobbles) with silt and sand | G - GM | |
Boulders (cobbles) with clay; boulders (cobbles) with clay and sand | G - GC | ||
Silty boulders (cobbles); silty boulders (cobbles) with sand | GM | ||
Clayey boulders (cobbles); clayey boulders (cobbles) with sand | GC | ||
() (, ) | Silty boulders (cobbles); silty boulders (cobbles) with sand | GM | |
Clayey boulders (cobbles); clayey boulders (cobbles) with sand | GC | ||
() | Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand | G | |
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt and sand | G - GM | ||
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay and sand | G - GC | ||
Silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand | GM | ||
Clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand | GC | ||
() | Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt and sand | G - GM | |
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay and sand | G - GC | ||
Silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand | GM | ||
Clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand | GC | ||
.3 | |||
25100 | [2] | ||
() (, ) | Silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand | GM | |
Clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand | GC | ||
() | Fine gravel (coarse sand); fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand | G | |
Fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt; fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt and sand | G - GM | ||
Fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay; fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay and sand | G - GC | ||
Silty fine gravel (coarse sand); silty fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand | GM | ||
Clayey fine gravel (coarse sand); clayey fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand | GC | ||
() | Fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt; fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt and sand | G - GM | |
Fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay; fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay and sand | G - GC | ||
Silty fine gravel (coarse sand); silty fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand | GM | ||
Clayey fine gravel (coarse sand); clayey fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand | GC | ||
() (, ) | Silty fine gravel (coarse sand); silty fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand | GM | |
Clayey fine gravel (coarse sand); clayey fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand | GC | ||
* Cu C () well graded (W) poorly graded (P).
.2.8 , 25100 [1] [2], .4 .5.
.4 - , 25100 [1]
25100 | [1] | ||
Gravel; bouldery, cobble, sandy, silty, clayey gravel | Gr, boGr, coCg, saGr, siGr, clGr | ||
Coarse (medium) sand; bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty, clayey coarse (medium) sand | CSa(MSa), boCSa(MSa), coCSa(MSa), grCSa(MSa), siCSa(MSa), clCSa(MSa) | ||
Medium sand; bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty, clayey medium sand | MSa, boMSa, coMSa, grMSa, siMSa, clMSa | ||
Medium (fine) sand; bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty, clayey medium (fine) sand | MSa(FSa), boMSa(FSa), coMSa(FSa), grMSa(FSa), siMSa(FSa), clMSa(FSa) | ||
Fine sand; bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty, clayey fine sand; coarse silt | FSa, boFSa, coFSa, grFSa, siFSa, clFSa, CSi | ||
.5 - , 25100 [2]
25100 | [2]* | ||
Gravel, gravel with sand | G | ||
Gravel with silt, gravel with silt and sand | G - GM | ||
Gravel with clay, gravel with clay and sand | G - GC | ||
Silty gravel, silty gravel with sand | GM | ||
Clayey gravel, clayey gravel with sand | GC | ||
Sand, sand with gravel | S | ||
Sand with silt, sand with silt and gravel | S - SM | ||
Sand with clay, sand with clay and gravel | S - SC | ||
Silty sand, silty sand with gravel | MS | ||
Clayey sand, clayey sand with gravel | CS | ||
Medium sand, medium sand with gravel | S | ||
Medium sand with silt, medium sand with silt and gravel | S - SM | ||
Medium sand with clay, medium sand with clay and gravel | S - SC | ||
Silty medium sand, silty medium sand with gravel | MS | ||
Clayey medium sand, clayey medium sand with gravel | CS | ||
Medium (fine) sand, medium (fine) sand with gravel | S | ||
Medium (fine) sand with silt, medium (fine) sand with silt and gravel | S - SM | ||
Medium (fine) sand with clay, medium (fine) sand with clay and gravel | S - SC | ||
Silty medium (fine) sand, silty medium (fine) sand with gravel | MS | ||
Clayey medium (fine) sand, clayey medium (fine) sand with gravel | CS | ||
Fine sand, fine sand with gravel | S | ||
Fine sand with silt, fine sand with silt and gravel | S - SM | ||
Fine sand with clay, fine sand with clay and gravel | S - SC | ||
Silty fine sand, silty fine sand with gravel | MS | ||
Clayey fine sand, clayey fine sand with gravel | CS | ||
Fine sand, fine sand with gravel | S | ||
Fine sand with silt, fine sand with silt and gravel | S - SM | ||
Fine sand with clay, fine sand with clay and gravel | S - SC | ||
Silty fine sand, silty fine sand with gravel | MS | ||
Clayey fine sand, clayey fine sand with gravel | CS | ||
Silt | ML | ||
* Cu C () well graded (W) poorly graded (P).