Warming-up activity
I. What resources do you know? Name them.
II. Read the text on pp66-68 The use of resources and find the English equivalents for the following Russian ones:
a) ,
b) , ,
c) ,
d) ,
e) ,
f) ,
g) ,
h) ,
i) .
III. Put the following sentences in the correct logical order according to the text:
- Natural resources occur as a part of the environment and are an important part of an areas characteristics.
- Scarcity and rising prices have always led people to seek cheaper substitutes for costly resources.
- People in the world use natural resources differently because of the following factors cultural differences, technological change, economic factors, and geopolitics.
- Depending on the circumstances, a price increased or interruption in supply could result in great changes in the country importing the mineral.
- The international trade of scarce minerals provides an example of the importance of geopolitics in todays world.
To make the text sound more logically, insert in the right places the connectors:
However, nowadays, to a large extent, I must say that, It is important to point out that, Lets illustrate this point, firstly, secondly, thirdly and so on.
IV. The paragraph Natural resources is for the test-reading.
V. Answer the questions after the text on p68.
VI. Do the exercise Oral Practice on pp74-76.
VII. Read the text on pp68-69 Renewable and nonrenewable resources and fill in the chart writing down the main characteristics of the resources.
| RENEWABLE RESOURCES | NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES |
VII. Do the exercise Development on pp76-78.
VIII. Here are presented some possible ways of getting energy. Think of pluses for every variant (The sentences below will help you).
fossil fuels
water wind
sun nuclear materials
| Fossil Fuels | Nuclear Energy | Alternative Technology |
ü If we dont start conserving fossil fuels now, it will be too late.
ü If we invest in further nuclear research now, we will be ready to face the future.
ü If we spent money on nuclear research now, we could develop stations, which create their own fuel and burn their own wastes.
ü What the world would be like if we didnt have electricity!
ü If there were a serious nuclear accident, huge areas would be evacuated, and they could remain contaminated with radioactivity for years.
ü Terrorists could hold the nation to ransom if they captured a reactor.
ü If we didnt waste so much energy, our resources would last longer.
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ü Unless we do research on solar energy, wind power, wave power, tidal power, hydroelectric schemes, etc., our fossil fuels will run out, and well all freeze or starve to dearth.
ü We really wont survive unless we start working on cleaner, safer sources of energy.
Read the text on pp69-71 Energy resources support industrialization and the text on p74 Nuclear wastes and complete the table.
IX. Do the exercises on pp 71-73
TEST THE USE OF RESOURCES
I. Divide the following resources into Nonrenewable and Renewable Ones:
Water, vegetation, nuclear energy, forests, wind, sun, wildlife, fossil fuels, fish.
II. Put in the right word into the sentences:
- _________ help people satisfy their needs and wants.
- _____ ______ can be used over and over again.
- Scarcity and rising prices have led people to seek cheaper _______ for costly resources.
- The factor is_________ - the relationship between geography and political policy.
- _____ _____ are impossible to replace.
- Resources depletion can be slowed through ________.
- Many countries want to become less _______ on fossil fuels.
- ______, __________, _________ are alternative energy sources.
- One of the biggest problem with natural resources is ________ _________ it produces.
- The government also doesnt like the present _______ system.
III. Translate the text.
. . , , , , , .. .
. , , , , .
, .
, , . , . . .
UNIT 6. THE WORLD OCEAN
Warming-up activity
I. What is implied under the notion the world ocean? How many oceans are there?
II. Classify the words below into the ones connected with water, land or both.
| WATER | LAND | BOTH |
trade routes
mineral resources
fish resources
continent
island
sea passages
gulf
bay
circulation
water cycle
currents
tides
the North Pole
layers
coastal regions
rotation
a clockwise circulation
oceanographers
acoustic tomography
III. Read the text The Restless Ocean and identify whether the statements are true or false:
1. Nowadays ownership of the ocean has already been solved.
2. A series of narrow waterways and other sea passages connect the earths oceans, forming a single world ocean.
3. The most important forces that move water through the world ocean are currents and floods.
4. Geographers identify two types of ocean currents.
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5. Ocean currents dont flow in a direct course due to the earths rotation.
6. The warm current is the Labrador Current and the cold one is called the Gulf Stream.
7. Oceanographers now realize that ocean currents are predictable and that is helpful in determining climate.
IV. Answer the questions on p.82.
V. Read the text Tides and answer the questions after the text.
VI. Read the text Using Resources of the World Ocean. Translate the following sentences:
- Scientists believe that the oceans mineral resources could supplement the decreasing reserves of nonrenewable resources on land.
- Offshore oil fields account for about 20 percent of the worlds oil production today.
- If all the water in the world ocean were dried up, the salts would form a layer on the ocean floor 152 meter thick.
- Marine biologists continually discover new species of life as changing technology allows them to probe deeper and deeper into the world ocean.
- The best fishing grounds for many kinds of fish are those rich in plankton.
- Over 5 million people make their living by fishing.
- Most fishing today is done on the large scale, using fleets of ships equipped with machines that do much of the work.
- Fish are being taken from the oceans faster than they can reproduce themselves.
VII. Do the exercises on pp.85-86.
VIII. Find some information about the examples of ocean pollution and speak on them.
TEST THE WORLD OCEAN
I. Translate the following words into English:
II. Put the sentences in the right logical order.
- The world ocean is subdivided into 4 main oceans the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic.
- Warm ocean currents flow from the equator toward the North and South poles.
- Geographers identify two types of ocean currents.
- Cold ocean currents flow from the poles toward the equator or rise from the deepest layers of the oceans water.
- The new technique, called ocean acoustic tomography, provides three-dimensional images of the movement of ocean water.
- The water cycle continually recirculates the water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the earths surface.
- The Gulf Stream is a warm current in the North Atlantic Ocean.
- Oceanographers now realize that ocean currents do change and are, to some extent, unpredictable.
- The cold Labrador Current flows south along the shores of Canada as far as Newfoundland.
- It interacts with the atmosphere, affects world climate, influences world trade routes, provides a source of energy, and contains a wealth of mineral and fish resources.
To make the text sound more logically, insert in the right places the connectors:
However, nowadays, to a large extent, I must say that, It is important to point out that, Lets illustrate this point, firstly, secondly, thirdly and so on.
Unit 9. AGRICULTURE
Warming-up activity
I. Choose the most appropriate definition for the notion agriculture:
- it is growing crops and looking after the animals.
- it is providing people with new products.
- it is a way of making money form selling dairy products, meat, crops and so on.
II. Read the first paragraph of the text on p.130 Agricultural Land Use and formulate the definition for this notion.
III. Read the text on pp.130-132 Agricultural land use and translate the following sentences:
1. In Canada and the USA scientific plant breeding has made it possible to extend the cultivation of wheat into areas which were previously thought to have been too dry or too cold.
2. After two years, cultivation is no longer worthwhile, the plots are abandoned and fresh clearings are made in the forest.
3. This means that it does no long-term damage to the environment, if the intervals between cultivation are long enough to allow the forest trees to regenerate and the soil to recover its fertility.
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IV. Read the text on pp.130-132 Agricultural land use and find the translation for the following words and phrases.
V. Look through the part Factors involved in land use and point out these factors.
VI. Look through the part Agricultural system and find out the main characteristics of different agricultural systems:
subsistence agriculture
shifting agriculture
mixed agriculture
specialized agriculture
VII. What modern ways of farming do you know? In order to find out more about them read the texts on pp.132-134 Development of agriculture and on pp.138-140 Plants for the future.
Underline the sentences which deal with the modern farming.
Speak on the scientific innovations in farming using the following phrases:
to become crop-growers
to survive poor weather conditions
green revolution
to grow at a faster rate than the number of people
to cultivate new crops
aquaculture
to increase food supply
genetic engineering
to alter the genes
to control heredity
resistance to disease
an era of custom-designed agriculture
to be grown on a large scale
healthy snack foods
the age of biotechnology
VIII. Do the exercises on pp. 136-137 Translation and Vocabulary review.
Unit 10. INDUSTRY
Warming-up activity
I. What industries do you know? Name them.
III. Read the text Industrial activity and location on pp.144-145 and explain the following notions in your own words:
primary sector
secondary sector
tertiary sector
industrial revolution
pre-industrial stage
post-industrial period
IV. Characterize our country using the notions from the previous exercise.
V. Look at the map and try to fill it in:
Economic geography deals with ..
is studied by .
studies
1.. 2 .. 3 .. 4 5 6 ..
Now read the text Economic geographers on pp. 151-152 and check your answers.
VI. Read the text Manufacturing industry on pp.158-159 and point out the link words.
VII. These are the words from the text. Some of them express the main idea of the text, but some have got general meaning. Look through the words and identify the ones connected with the main ideas and justify your choice (you can add more words).
raw materials
processing industries
finished products
basic material
to cut costs
integrated iron and steel plants
imported materials
horizontal organization
rapidly
household names
VIII. Using the main words make up a map on the text.
IX. Do the exercise Oral Practice on pp.165-168.
X. Industrial change is connected with a new phenomenon globalization. Some people think it is good, but some are against it. Work in groups and think of pros and cons. Compare them. What do you personally think about it?
Read an example of globalization Integration and globalization pp.159-160 and answer the questions after the text. Think of your own example.
XI. Do the exercise Vocabulary review on pp.164-165.
XII. Do the exercise 2 on p.170 with the help of web-search. You can choose any country you like. Present the material you will find. Do not forget to name the web sites you will visit!
Unit 14. EUROPE
Warming-up activity
I. What part of the world is called Europe?
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II. Make the quiz How good do you know Europe?
1. What is the political system in Great Britain?
a) Federal Republic
b) Democracy
c) Monarchy
2. Which country did have an election in September?
a) Russia
b) Germany
c) The Ukraine
3. How many countries are there in the European Union?
a) 25
b) 30
c) 50
4. The membership of which country is being discussed in the European Union?
a) The Ukraine
b) Russia
c) Greece
5. What currency unites Europe?
a) Deutch mark DM
b) Dollar $
c) Euro
6. Where were the latest summer Olympic Games?
a) Greece
b) Turkey
c) The USA
7. Who won the election in Germany in 2005?
a) Angela Merkel
b) Gerhard Shroder
c) Jacques Chirac
8. What country suffered from bomb explosion in June 2005?
a) Greece
b) Italy
c) Great Britain
