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1. , 34 , .




:

34 + NaOH = NaH2PO4 + H2O; (1)

34 + 2NaOH = Na2 HPO4 + 2H2O; (2)

34 + 3NaOH = Na3PO4 + 3H2O. (3)

, (NaH2PO4 Na2 HPO4 ) (Na3PO4 ).

(1) , .. , f (34) (1) 1; (34) = 34; (34) = 1· (34) = 98 /.

(2) , .. , f (34) (2) 1/2; (34) = 1/234; (34) = 1/2 · (34) = 49 /.

(3) , f (34) 1/3; (34) = 1/334; (34) = 1/3 · (34) = 32,67 /.

 

2. : ) ; ) (III). , .

 

:

24 + 2 = 34 + 2 2;

Bi(OH)2NO3 + KOH = Bi(OH)3 + KNO3.

, .

, .

, . . () = . C 1/2 KH2PO4, , (2PO4) = 1/2KH2PO4; f (KH2PO4) = 1/2; (KH2PO4) = 1/2 ·(KH2PO4) = 68 /.

(III) , , (Bi(OH)2NO3) = Bi(OH)2NO3; f(Bi(OH)2NO3) = 1; (Bi(OH)2NO3) = 1 · (Bi(OH)2NO3) = 305 /.

, , , .. .

, , f (24)= 1/2; (24) = 1/2 24; (1/2 24) = 1/2 · (24) = 68 /.

(III) NO3, , (Bi(OH)2 NO3) = 1; (Bi(OH)2 NO3) = Bi(OH)2 NO3; (Bi(OH)2NO3) = 1 · (Bi(OH)2NO3) = 305 /.

 

3. 16,74 21,54 . . ?

 

, , , .

, , 21,5 16,74 , :

21,54 16,74 = 4,8 .

 

mMe ∕ M(Me) = mO2 ∕ M(O2); 16,74 ∕ M(Me) = 4,8 ∕ 8.

 

, () = (16,74 · 8) ∕ 4,8 = 28 /.

:

() = M(Me) + M(O2) = 28 + 8 + 36 /.

:

() = () ∕ f() = 28 ∕ 1 ∕ 2 = 56 /.

 

(Ar(Me)), ..., Ar(Me) = 56 ...

 

1. 1,17. .

 

, , .

m1 ∕ m2 = M1 ∕ M2

m1 ∕ m2 , .

,

= 12 = 1,17

2 29 /.

1 = 1,17 × 29 = 33,9 /.

2. 2 2 ? ? .

 

:

2410 + 13 2 = 8 2 + 102.

 

, ( ). :

2 410 + 13 2 = 8 2 + 10 2.

 

2 13 8 (IV) 10 .

 

3. 800 ? ?

800 800 × 0,21 = 168 .

:

22S + 3 O2 = 2 SO2 + 2H2O.

 

, 2S , , :

2 2S 3 2.

2 168 2.

= 168 · 2 ∕ 3 = 112 .

, SO2 2S, . .112 .

4. 7,09 2,24 . . ?

 

mMeO∕ M(MeO) = V(H2) ∕ V(H2) (1)

 

. . 22,4 . V(2), , . . , 22,4/2 = 11,2 . (1) :

M(MeO) = mMeO·V(H2) ∕ V(H2).

M(MeO)= 7,09 ·11,2 ∕ 2,24 = 35,45 /.

 

() = () + (2),

() = () (2) = 35,45 8 = 27,45 / (8 / ).

:

= ∕ ,

;

;

.

= × = 27,45 × 2 = 54,9 /

, 54,9 ...

 

1 (1V).

2 1 ?

3 27× 1021 ?

4 2 2 ? .

5 NH3 c l . NH3 Cl2 ?

6 , 600 1,714 .

7 CrCl 3 Cr2(SO4)3? .

8 FeCl2 FeCl3? .

9 2,45 2,0 . .

10 . . .

11 16,8 14,7 . .

 

 

1 , . . : / . . . .: , 2002. 464 .

2 , . . : . / . . , . . . 6- . .: , , 2004. 383 .

3 , . . / .. .: , 2010. 559.

4 , . . / . . .: , 2004. 274 .

5 , . . / . . .: , 2002. 653 .

6 / . . . , . . .: . ., 1972,.2 372 .

7 / . . . : . ., 1981. 431.

 





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