Aeronautics deals with the whole field of design, manufacture, maintenance, testing, and use of aircraft for both civil and military purposes. It involves the knowledge of aerodynamics, structural design, propulsion engines, navigation, communication, and oilier related areas.
Aerospace engineering is closely connected with aeronautics, but is concerned with the flight of vehicles in space, beyond the earth's atmosphere, and includes the study and development of rocket engines, artificial satellites, and spacecraft for the exploration of outer space.
Naval Engineering
Naval architects are engineers who design and supervise construction of ships. Ships must be designed and built so that they are safe, stable, strong, and fast enough to perform the type of work intended for them. A naval architect must be familiar with the variety of techniques of modern shipbuilding.
Marine engineering is a specialized branch of mechanical engineering devoted to the design and operation of systems, both mechanical and electrical, needed to propel a ship. Engineers in this field develop diesel engines and steam turbines that provide enough power to move the ship at the required speed.
Chemical Engineering
This branch of engineering is concerned with the design, construction, and management of factories in which the essential processes consist of chemical reactions. The task of the chemical engineer is to select and specify
the design that will best meet the particular requirements of production and the most appropriate equipment for the new applications.
Nuclear Engineering.
This branch of engineering is concerned with the design and construction of nuclear reactors. In addition to designing nuclear reactors that yield specified amounts of power, nuclear engineers develop the special materials
necessary to withstand the high temperatures and radioactivity. Nuclear engineers also develop methods to shield people from the harmful radiation produced by nuclear reactors.
Safety Engineering.
This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers of hazardous occupations.The y also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships, and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce accidents.
III. Language.
Exercise 5. Match words in column A with their translation in column B:
| Column A | Column B |
| appropriate essential property speed to assist to create to reduce to require to select to suggest to transmit | вибирати передавати допомогати пропонувати властивість швидкість створювати скорочувати підходящий основний вимагати |
Exercise 6. Look through the text A and find the words which mean the following:
1. a science that deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices.
2. a person who has received technical education and has a basic knowledge of the other engineering fields.
3. deals with the design of large buildings, roads, bridges, dams, canals, railway lines, airports, tunnels and their constructions.
4. must be trained in mechanics and hydraulics, metallurgy and machine design.
5. the widest field of engineering, concerned with systems and devices that use electric power and signals.
6. deals with the research, design and application of circuit and devices used in the transmission and processing of information.
7. the trend towards integrating electronic devices on a single tiny chip of silicon or some other semiconductor material.
8. design and manufacture memory systems, central processing units and peripheral devices.
9. deals with the whole field of design, manufacture, maintance, testing, and use of aircraft for both civil and military purposes.
10. a specialized branch of mechanical engineering devoted to the design and operation of systems.
Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks using the words in brackets:
