. , , ( ) . , 100 . , , .
20. , , . .
:
;
: HF, HClO, HClO2, HNO2, HCN, H2S, HBrO, H3PO4,H2CO3, H2SiO3, H2SO3 .;
: Fe(OH)3, Zn(OH)2 .; NH4OH.
(, Ksp) . .
21. ́ ́ ́ + OH− , .
, , :
H2O + H2O ↔ H3O+ + OH−
H2O ↔ H+ + OH−
. :, (1)
:
[H+] ();
[OH−] -;
[H2O] ( ) ;
, , (1000 /)/(18 /) = 55,56 /.
25 C 1,8×10−16/. (1) :, (2)
K[H2O] = K = 1,8×10−16 /55,56 / = 10−14²/² = [H+][OH−] ( 25 C).
K, -, . , . C , , K, .