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.4 - Z 1 Z f. .8, Z 1 , K f. - () ,

K( ω)= ωτ; U (t)= τ , (2.1)

τ= RC.

 

. 8

 

, .8,, C R i, . f, f , f =1/2π R i C, - , (2.1)

K = ωτ (2.2)

.9 (2.2), - () .8,.

.8, K f ( ω) .

, .8, :

K f ( ω)=1/ ωτ, U (t)= , (2.3)

τ= R C.

.9

 

.8, . U . R f, U = U (1+ R f/ R).

R f f ≈ 1/2π R f C, (2.3)

K (ω)= = , (2.4)

K 0= R f/ R.

 

.10 (2.4), .8, , τ=1,1 10-3, K 0=1,8 (f ≈144 ). f f >> f .8, (2.3) R f,

K f ( ω)= = = .

 

 

. 10

 

(2.4) () . . , f > f . (), - , , .5. f < f f, f f , f = 1/2πτ1, τ1 . f 1< f < f 2, f 2 , = K f f f. .11, .5, K f0, (1.3), K f0 K f , .

.5, , .6,, K f K f =1+(R 2+ R 3)/ R 5, - . , 3 (K f √2 ) f =1/2π R 1 C. .11 .

f f f, , f f f, - ( 1 .11).

- , .11, .6,, , ω→0, K f ( ω) →0, K f .

. 11

 

, , . , U (1) , U (0) + -.

:

U +> U - (U >0), U = U (1);

U +< U - (U <0), U = U (0);

U += U - .

(.12) . U (1) U (0) U -, β +, β= R 1/(R 1+ R 2), U - U ≈ 0 U < 0. U (0) U (1) U - β -.

 

 

. 12

 

. 13

 

.13 -, . . R β . U = 0 , + - . , | +|=| -|, t ( )

 

t= (2.5)

 

 

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