.4 - Z 1 Z f. .8, Z 1 , K f. - () ,
K( ω)= ωτ; U (t)= τ , (2.1)
τ= RC.
. 8
, .8,, C R i, . f, f , f =1/2π R i C, - , (2.1)
K = ωτ (2.2)
.9 (2.2), - () .8,.
.8, K f ( ω) .
, .8, :
K f ( ω)=1/ ωτ, U (t)= , (2.3)
τ= R C.
.9
.8, . U . R f, U = U (1+ R f/ R).
R f f ≈ 1/2π R f C, (2.3)
K (ω)= = , (2.4)
K 0= R f/ R.
.10 (2.4), .8, , τ=1,1 10-3, K 0=1,8 (f ≈144 ). f f >> f .8, (2.3) R f,
K f ( ω)= = = .
. 10
(2.4) () . . , f > f . (), - , , .5. f < f f, f f , f = 1/2πτ1, τ1 . f 1< f < f 2, f 2 , = K f f f. .11, .5, K f0, (1.3), K f0 K f , .
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.5, , .6,, K f K f =1+(R 2+ R 3)/ R 5, - . , 3 (K f √2 ) f =1/2π R 1 C. .11 .
f f f, , f ≥ f f, - ( 1 .11).
- , .11, .6,, , ω→0, K f ( ω) →0, K f .
. 11
, , . , U (1) , U (0) + -.
:
U +> U - (U >0), U = U (1);
U +< U - (U <0), U = U (0);
U += U - .
(.12) . U (1) U (0) U -, β +, β= R 1/(R 1+ R 2), U - U ≈ 0 U < 0. U (0) U (1) U - β -.
. 12
. 13
.13 -, . . R β . U = 0 , + - . , | +|=| -|, t ( )
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t= (2.5)
1