V= Const = Const
,
δA ≤ TdS - dU (2.49)
(2.49) 1 2 :
≤ T(S2 S1) (U2 U1) (2.50)
A ≤ (U1 TS1) (U2 TS2) (2.51)
U TS = F (2.52)
, (2.52) , F . (2.51) :
≤ F1 - F2 = - ΔF (2.53)
(2.53) , V , (A = - ΔF). (, ) (A < - ΔF).
V = Const T = Const. (2.53)
dF = dU TdS SdT (2.54)
,
TdS ≥ dU + PdV (2.55)
(2.55) (2.54), :
dF ≤ dU dU PdV SdT (2.56)
dF ≤ -PdV SdT (2.57)
(2.57) . V = Const T = Const :
dF ≤ 0 (2.58)
(2.57) : , V = Const
= nst, (, ) (dF <0). (dF = 0) ( 2.2)
F
AB , ;
, ;
2.2 -
V = Const T = Const.
, F . F F = f(V,T), :
dF = (2.59)
:
dF = - PdV SdT (2.60)
(2.59) (2.60) :
(2.61)
S. (2.61) , , =Const. , .
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2 .9 ,