, .
C2H5OH() | C() | H2() | O2 () | |
S0, /×K | 158,99 | 5,69 | 130,58 | 205,02 |
. :
2C() + 3H2 () + 1/2 O2() = C2H5OH().
:
346,65 /×K.
, , 298 K (), (), (), () .
1. ( ).
2. .
3. , .
. 1.3.
1.3
, / | ||
H2() +CO2()=H2O()+ CO() | 20,00 | |
H2() +CO2()=H2O()+ CO() | 28,64 | |
2H2() +CO()=CH3OH() | -26,20 | |
3H2() +CO()=CH4()+H2O() | -142,37 | |
2H2() +2CO()= CH4()+CO2() | -171,01 | |
2H2O() +3CO() =CH3OH{ )+ 2CO2() | -83,48 |
4CO()+ 2SO2()= S2()+ 4CO2() | -350,16 | |
CO2()+2H2S()=2H2O()+CS2() | 70,74 | |
2SO2()+4H2S()=6S()+ 4H2O() | -178,90 | |
4HCl()+O2()=2H2O()+2Cl2() | -76,08 | |
4NH3()+5O2()= 6H2O()+4NO() | -984,84 | |
2NO2()+O3()= O2()+N2O5() | -148,01 | |
NH4NO3()=N2O()+ 2H2O() | -169,38 | |
2AgNO3()=2Ag()+2NO2()+O2() | 125,68 | |
2H2S()+CH4()=CS2()+4H2() | 182,97 | |
C2H2()+2H2()=C2H6() | -241,62 | |
C2H4()+H2O()=C2H5OH() | -13,96 | |
3C2H2() =C6H6() | -501,43 | |
C2H4()+3O2()=2CO2()+2H2O() | -1332,47 | |
2CH3OH()+2O2()= 2CO2()+4H2O() | -1412,00 | |
CH3COOH()+ 2O2()=2CO2()+ 2H2O() | -874,46 | |
CH3-C-CH3()+4O2()=3CO2()+ 3H2O() ½½ O | -1740,62 | |
2C2H6()+7O2()=4CO2()+ 6H2O() | -2936,96 | |
C2H5OH()+3O2()= 2CO2()+ 3H2O() | -1327,15 | |
C6H12O6()=2C2H5OH()+ 2CO2() | 213,68 | |
C6H12O6()+6O2=6CO2()+ 6H2O() | -2881,24 |
, , . . . , . , . , , , . , , . - . , , (, ), . , , . : . , , .
|
|
+ = + fF () :
(2.1) |
- ; , , , f - .
:
(2.2) |
= (RT)Dn.
. , , , . (2.3) (2.4) -:
(2.3) | ||
(2.4) |
Dr0 - , DrU0 - .
Dr0 DrU0 = const v = const. . Dr0 > 0, , dlnKp/dT , , . .
, , - ( 2.5 2.6):
(2.5) | ||
(2.6) |
- .
(2.6) , 4 - 5 (. 1).
| tg (p - a) tg a = -tg (p - a) = - D rH0 = 2,3R tg (p - a) =- 2,3R tg a |
. 1. lg Kp .
|
|
(2.7):
(2.7) |
DrG - - , , , , - , - , .
DrG < 0, . DrG=0, . , 1 ( = = = = 1 ), :
DrG0 | (2.8) |
:
DrG DrG0 | (2.9) |
, DrG0 > 0, , . , DrG .