, , .
, .
, ,
- .
P i i - ;
T 0 ;
T .
, . T c
, - ; , , . - , :
, , , .
. , , , 26 /().
n ;
, /.
( ):
ni ;
i , 9.7.
, .
, . 9.8).
9.7.
, /() | , /() | ||
C | 7,53 | F | 20,92 |
H | 9,62 | P | 23,0 |
O | 16,74 | Be | 15,9 |
S | 22,59 | N | 11,3 |
B | 11,72 | 25,92-26,78 | |
Si | 20,08 |
9.8.
CV | CP | CV | CP | ||
1,5R | 2,5R | 3R | 4R | ||
2,5R | 3,5R |
CV CP , , R , 8,314 /().
|
|
/() :
n ;
M , /.
C P= 1 , /();
p- ,
P , ;
P , ;
t - ,
, ;
.
x i .
9.7. 50 º 20 .
: 125,9 , 3,285 , 0,028 /.
1600-2400 /(), 2100 /().
, ,
20 º:
ni ;
Ci , . 9.9.
20 º -:
ai (. . 9.9).
9.9.
,/() | ,/() | ||
C | 11,72 | Si | 24,27 |
H | 17,99 | F | 29,29 |
O | 25,10 | P | 29,29 |
S | 30,96 | 33,5 | |
B | 19,66 |
-
a, b, c d . 9.10.
9.8. - (66) 20 º.
: =¾, =622,6=135,6 /(). 136,2 /().
9.10. -
, | ai, /() | , | ai, /() |
H ( ) | 14,86 | ¾CH= | 46,05 |
¾CH3 | 41,44 | ¾NH2 | 63,63 |
¾CH2- | 26,37 | ¾Cl | 36,00 |
=CH¾ | 22,60 | ¾Br | 15,49 |
¾COOH | 79,95 | ¾NO2 | 64,05 |
¾COO ( ) | 60,70 | ¾O ( ) | 35,16 |
>C=O | 61,53 | ¾S¾ | 44,37 |
¾CºN | 58,19 | ¾C6H5 | 127,67 |
. , , . , :
|
|
L .=87,9 ,
L . , /;
, .
9.11. -
a | b 102 | c 104 | d 106 | |
¾CH3 | 1.787 | 9.138 | -0.3612 | 0.00465 |
¾CH2¾ | -0.779 | 9.389 | -0.5287 | 0.01147 |
=CH2 | 2.771 | 7.409 | -0.3659 | 0.00699 |
=CH¾ | -1.000 | 6.961 | -0.4420 | 0.01088 |
C6H5¾ | -31.71 | 46.08 | -3.0516 | 0.07539 |
ºCH | 8.443 | 5.860 | -0.4843 | 0.01473 |
¾CH= | -21.987 | 16.27 | -1.8418 | 0.06367 |
½ ¾CH ½ | -8.129 | 11.85 | -0.9548 | 0.02767 |
¾CH2C6H5 | -8.945 | 10.35 | -0.5002 | 0.00829 |
¾CH2C5H4 | -9.703 | 10.34 | -0.5417 | 0.01076 |
½ ¾C¾ ½ | -19.49 | 15.41 | -1.4865 | 0.04111 |
>C= | -0.224 | 5.618 | -0.4266 | 0.01143 |
:
,
() ().
L =56,5 ,
L , /;
, .
L 0,356 L ..