[1], - , , .
, , . , , . (), 3 ( ) () . () . , (). 3.1 PDH, (), , (F). ().
3.1
( 2.1). ( - .. 3.1) (. 2.1) 1, , . 2.1.
, 2.2, 16 1 3. , 2 3, 1 2, 3 4,63 1 S1,4 S1 S4,.., [ ].
, , ( 3.1) (). . , (, 3) .. , .
SDH
SDH PDH, Ethernet ... . - (STM-1) 3.2. W E, , - .
3.2
PDH E1,E3,E4 , () STM-1. : N1 = 631, N2 = 33, N3 = 14 1STM-1. 1 3 : 21 1 23, 421 23. Ethernet: 10 FE. () (S), . F () , Q . STM-1 (), . 1 2 3. 3.2, 1 , , f=2.048 δ =10-11. 2 1 δ= 10-8 10-9, 3 (, δ =10-11), (, δf=10-9). 0 . , .
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STM-N 3.3. STM-1 STM-N (N=16, 64, 256). , STM (N/4), , STM-16, STM-4 ... (), , , STM-1. , STM-1., , STM-N. 3.3, , STM-1, 1, 3, 4, Ethernet, .
3.3