. , . , (..). (., ..), .
1. .. (PDH) (SDH) .
2. .. , , .
3. .1 .2 D SDH .
4. .2 , () SDH, .
5. PDH SDH .. .
6. , . .
7. .
8. .. . (ODF) (DDF).
9. . , . - .
10. , .. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, .
11. , .
12. , .
13. , .
PDH SDH
(1) - D (=2,048 /). ( =125) 32 (), (0 16), 30 - . 1 - G.703, G.704. PDH 2.1
2.1 - PDH
/ | δf | ||
0 | |||
1 | 320 | 50*10-6 | |
2 | 41 | ||
3 | 161 | 20*10-6 | |
4 | 641 | 15*10-6 |
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PDH (0) (=64 /), 1 3,91 . , , ().
D 2, 1 . G.742 -. 2 8,448 /.
D 2, 1 3, 34,368 / (. G.751 -).
D 3 4, 139,264 / (. G.703).
, 1, () ( 2.1).
1
1
.
3
n+
/ 16
Ethernet
2.1 2.2
, N D (). , 2.2 , 16 1 3.
- SDH. PDH, SDH , ( 10-11), (256). 1, 4, 16, 64 . 2.2 SDH
2.2 - SDH
, / | , /c | SDH | PDH | |
51.84 | STM-0 | 211 | ||
155.52 | STM-1 | 631 | ||
622.08 | STM-4 | 2521 | ||
2488.32 | STM-16 | 10081 | ||
9953.28 | STM-64 | 40321 | ||
39813.12 | STM-256 | 161281 |
PDH SDH , , 2.1 2.2. , , , . (, ). , Ethernet. 2.3 Ethernet.
2.3 - Ethernet
, / | |
0.01 | 10 |
0.1 | 100,FE |
GE | |
10GE | |
100GE |
. [1] (), , , .䅻. , (), , .., , , .
|
|
(, , ..) D ( 1). , ( 1).
2.2.1. .
() D 1 ( 1). () (, ) (/) ( /), ( /) () () 1.
2.2.2. .
(≤64 /) 1. n, (, 1 0), . , , 30.
, 1. , 2 2, D (16 / ≤ D ≤ 64 /) 16 ( 16), .. 2.4.
2.4 -
() | Ethernet | n+D | () | / | . . | . . . | / / | ||||
, / | 0.064 | 0.064 | 10, 100, | n64+D | 110/34 | 4/3 | |||||
D () SDH (S) | 1P | 1P | 1P,1S3P,4S16S, 64S | 1 | 3 | 1P | 1S 3P | 3P | 3P | 1P |
: n=2, 6, 30. n=2, D=16 /. n > 2, D=64 /, - , - , - . - , / / - /,1P-1,1S-STM-1,...
, D SDH. ≤ 2,048 / 1, > 2,048 3 STM-1. . : , , Ethernet, . , D. , 10 / 3. 2.5 D SDH.
2.5 - D SDH
- | - | ||||||||
1 | Ethernet | 3 | S1 | 1 | Ethernet | 3 | |||
0.3 | 0.8 | ||||||||
n+D | n = 2,10 | 0.8 | n = 6,1 | 0.24 | |||||
10Base-T | 10Base-T | ||||||||
10Base-T | 10Base-T | ||||||||
1 | |||||||||
/ | 1/0 | 0/1 | |||||||
. | 10Base-T | 10Base-T | |||||||
.. | 10Base-T | 10Base-T | |||||||
/ / | 1/2 | 0.3 | 0/1 | 0.1 | |||||
13.4 | 10Base-T | 8.14 | 10Base-T |
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2.5 - -. 1 30, (, = 64 /), 1: N = 300/30 = 10. 10 2+D 2*10 + D*10 = 24 (. 2.4). 24/30=0.81. , 1 - () (). 2.5 , 4, 6, , 0,31. , ( 1 /). , 1 ( ), 3, STM-1 ( 2.1, 2.2).
(, , , , ) , Ethernet. 10/ 10Base-T (. 2.3).
2.4, , 1, 3, S1 10Base-T . , , ( 2.3). , -.
2.3 2.4
1, .2.4 , - 23 1, 1 3, 10 (10Base-T) 1 S1. -, , 14 1, 6 (10Base-T) 1 S1. , , , ( ). , 2.4, 4- , - . . , . - ( ), ( ). . - , . (--). SDH [4]. SNCP, . . (-), , , (), SP [2]. , ... , , . - . 2.6. ( 2.5).
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2.6 -
- | - | |||||||
1 | Ethernet | 3 | S1 | 1 | Ethernet | 3 | S1 | |
- | ||||||||
- | ||||||||
υ. | ||||||||
. |