- ( ) , TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) (). Ethernet . , .
, , () , .
(full-duplex). , , . Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, Fast Ethernet, 100VG-AnyLAN, Gigabit Ethernet.
, , , . , .
( ):
- ( , ) LLC (Logical Link Control);
- MAC (Media Access Control).
MAC . , (). , LLC, ( ), . MAC , -
, .
() LLC , . LLC , . MAC LLC , .
|
|
LLC , , . LLC MAC, LLC , , Ethernet (. . 8.10).
LLC HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) , ISO.
802.2 LLC :
- LLC1 ;
- LLC2 ;
- LLC3 , .
LLC1 , , - .
LLC2 .
, , , (), LLC3, , 7.7.
. , TCP/IP LLC LLC1.
8.1 , .
8.2 .
8.3 ?
8.4 .
8.5 ?
8.6 .
8.7 , , ?
8.8 ?
8.9 ?
8.10 .
8.11 .
8.12 . ?
8.13 .
8.14 .
8.15 .
8.16 ?
8.17 .
8.18 Ethernet.
8.19 Ethernet 802.3/LLC ( ). .
8.20 Ethernet ? Token Ring.
|
|
8.21 Token Ring.
8.22 FDDI. ?
8.23 Fast Ethernet.
8.24 Fast Ethernet 100VG-EnyLAN?
8.25 Gigabit Ethernet?
8.26 .
9.1
, , - (). , . ISO 7498-4 :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
. (Configuration Management). . (Network Element, NE), , , . , , , , : , , , , , . , , , (). , , .., (), .
-
. (Fault Management) , . . , . , .
(Performance Management) , . , , , , , , , .
(Security Management). , . . , , ..
|
|
(Accounting Management). OSI , , , , , , , , - . OSI. , ( ) .
, OSI , Telecommunication Management Network (TMN),
, ITU-T, OSI, ANSI, ETSI.
9.2
, .
, . . 9.1 - .
. - , .
, , , (), , . , , , , , , ..
- , .
( ) . , - . , , () , . , , .
, , -. , , (Management Information Base, MIB). . , , in-band ( ), ( ) , out-of-band. .
, , SNMP, , , in-band. , , , - , , out-of-band. , , , . , , , . , , - . .
|
|
. , , , , .. . ,
, .
, , :
- Internet, SNMP ;
- ISO/ITU-T, CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol), .
, , () , SNMP, ( ) CMIP ISO/ITU-T. ISO/ITU-T - , , . , , , , .
9.3 Internet
, - MIB . . , MIB , . , , MIB () .
MIB , , MIB , MIB , MIB - .
MIB, SNMP, 114 (), 8 .
System , , , .
Interface , , , . Address Translation Table - ( ).
Internet Protocol , IP ( IP - , , IP-).
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol ) , .
TCP , TCP.
UDP , UDP ( , ).
EGP (Exterior GatewayProtocol) Internet, , ).
, MIB-I , -
TCP/IP. MIB-II 185, 10.
MIB . , IpAddress ( ) 4 , , , 0 232 1.
|
|
, . , 9.2, .
MIB RMON MIB (Remote Monitoring Networks), , .
, SNMP . . 10 .
Statistics , ..
History , .
Alarms , RMON .
Hosts ( ) MAC- ( , ).
Host TopN .
Traffic Matrix , .
Filter ( , ).
Pacet Capture , () .
Event .
Token Ring. , () .
10 200 (). , Statistics etherStatsPkts1024to1518Octets , , 1024 1518 16 .
, , , . , , History . , Filter, , Packet Capture.
9.4 OSI
, , OSI, OSI Management Framework ISO/IEC 7498-4: Basic Reference Model, Part 4, Management Framework, , .
OSI . , X , . X , . , X , .
, , , , .
( ):
- ACSE (Association Control Service Element) ( ) ;
- RTSE (Reliable Transfer Service Element) ,
OSI;
- ROSE (Remote Operations Service Element) .
CMIP, , - , ROSE .
OSI , , : , N- N- .
() () ().
, N-, . .
N- , .
. . , , MIB. MIB OSI , , . OSI (shared manadgement knowledge) . (), .
OSI . - . , .
, , , , .
OSI , , . (Repertoire Knowledge). , , . .
(Definition Knowledge) , , .
(Instance Knowledge) , .
. , .
(Inheritence Tree) . , , , , .
, , ISO () . - (templates) ( ). .
(Containment Tree) . , (. ).
(Naming Tree) .
9.3 OSI , .
, , . , , , , , , - . . -, , . 8.4.