7, (Application) - OSI. . , , , . , . , .
(Application layer) - , , , Web-, , , . , , (message).
6, (Presentation), , . . - , , . - , . , , , ( ) . , , .
, (redirector). - / .
(Presentation layer) , . , , . , ASCII EBCDIC. , . Secure Socket Layer (SSL), TCP/IP.
5, (Session), , , . , , .
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(checkpoints). , , , . , . . , , , . .
(Session layer) : , , . , , . , , .
, . .
( , ASN.1 (abstract syntax notation 1) ..).
- , , X.400.
5
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-- . , .. , . , , , (NFS), ..
7
-- . , . , , : , , , . () , .