m Jake ..his credit card.
28. "Go ahead, join the expedition," he said to her.
encouraged . the expedition.
29. "Go away r Ill lose m temper," he said to m.
his if I didn't go away.
30. "Yes, Ill paint the bathroom," said Catherine.
agreed Catherine the bathroom.
Ex.16. Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1. He claimed that to have met the Queen of Spain. (that)
2. Sophia wanted to know what time did they returned home the previous night.
3. The players complained of to the coach about having to play in the hail.
4. Margaret promised to will be careful with the money given to her.
5. The boy asked to his mother if he could play with his friends.
6. He said about that he was feeling under the weather.
7. She said she was ready to go, but adding that the taxi was waiting.
8. The manager told us do not to misuse office equipment.
9. Did he tell to you what happened?
10. She demanded that to be given his name and address.
11. They suggested to buying her a nice wedding present.
12. It is important that he to attend the conference.
13. He told me that I would not have had to leave early the next day.
14. She apologised for having keeping us waiting.
15. Jack wondered whether that to go ahead with his plan.
16. He asked me if he could use my computer and I said he could to.
17. The manager insisted that we are put an advertisement in the papers.
18. Do you know what time do the children finish school?
19. My sister encouraged me how to try once more.
20. They accused him of having been falsified the documents.
Unit 2
Questions/short answers
Ex.1. Fill in: who, whose, which, what, where, how long, how often, what time, when, how many, how much, how or why.
1. What does she do for a living? Shes a florist.
2. __ bag is this? Its Marys.
3. __ skirt do you prefer, the long one or the short one? The short one.
4. __ people work in this office? Thirty.
5. __ is your mother coming back? Next week.
6. __ didnt you tell me that you were leaving? I forgot.
7. __ does a ticket to Edinburgh cost? 50.
8. __ have you been living in London? Three years.
9. __ times a week do you go to the gym? Four.
10. __ car is that parked outside? Johns.
11. __ bus goes to the airport? The number 24.
12. __ were you born? In Brighton.
13. __ does the plane arrive at Heathrow? Twelve oclock.
14. __ dont you come with us to the theatre? Id love to.
15. __ do you get to work? By bus.
16. __ is that tall man over there? My uncle.
17. __ times have you been to France? Three.
18. __ is the cheapest way to get to Liverpool, by bus or by train? By bus.
19. __ do you see your parents? Every month.
20. __ kind of films do you like? Adventure stories.
Ex.2. Write questions to the parts of the sentences in italics.
1. James arrived late. Who arrived late?
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2. Tina cooked the food.
3. She likes ice skating.
4. My father drove me to school.
5. It was Anns fault.
6. He bought a new tie.
7. Shakespeare wrote that play.
8. Daniel shouted at Sarah.
9. Sheila didnt talk to Diane.
10. Henry arrived at ten oclock.
11. My sister had a baby.
12. Paul gave the parcel to Mary.
13. Anita opened the window.
14. The car belongs to Barbara.
15. I have five brothers.
16. The ticket cost $50.
17. Nick lives in London.
18. My favourite food is pizza.
19. Simon likes Julie.
20. Dennis was born in 1970.
21. My favourite pet is the cat.
22. Tom is getting married to Lisa.
23. Paul gave the parcel to Barbara.
24. The film lasted three hours.
Ex.3. Full in the appropriate question tag.
1. You have got enough money, havent you?
2. He will be on time, __?
3. There is enough food for everyone, __?
4. She used to fight with her brother, __?
5. Everyone felt embarrassed, __?
6. I am dressed smartly enough, __?
7. Thats your car, __?
8. You will pick me up, __?
9. Lets eat dinner now, __?
10. Dont leave without me, __?
11. You have been invited, __?
12. There are a lot of people here, __?
13. She left an hour ago, __?
14. He hates pizza, __?
15. That was your father, __?
16. Tell me, __.?
17. Let me know, __?
18. Ann cant speak French, __?
19. She has a brother, __?
20. I am older than you, __?
Ex.4. Add an appropriate response expressing disappointment, disapproval, surprise or confirmation.
1. He is in India. He is? (surprise)
2. It is very cold today. __? (confirmation)
3. Its five oclock already. __? (surprise)
4. She failed the exam. __? (disappointment)
5. Marys ill. __? (surprise)
6. He missed the bus. __? (disappointment)
7. Jacks her cousin. __? (confirmation)
8. I havent read that book. __? (surprise)
9. Hes a very quiet child __?(confirmation)
10. Shes very rude. __? (disapproval)
Ex.5. Add question tags and short answers to the following.
1. You used to play the piano, didnt you? Yes, I did.
2. Shes got a loud voice, __? Yes, __
3. Walk a bit slower, __? No, __
4. He works for Laura, __? No, __
5. Youve been to Japan, __? Yes, __
6. Youre coming to the party tonight, __? No, __
7. They had been told about it, __? Yes, __
8. Dont repeat what I told you, __? No, __
9. They wont be very happy, __? No,, __
10. You have an appointment this morning, __? Yes, __
11. They bought that car last year, __? Yes, __
12. Hes going to be surprised, __? Yes, __
Ex.6. Rephrase the sentences using so, neither/nor or but as in the example:
1. Both Simon and Joe play football. Simon plays football. So does Joe.
2. Peter cant drive and I cant either.
3. Ive been to America. David hasnt.
4. Sally and Ann dont want to come.
5. Both Mary and Sam are at school.
6. Mark doesnt speak French and Tim doesnt either.
7. Jane saw the play. Kate did too.
8. I dont like watching cricket. Daniel does.
9. Sean hasnt done his homework. Pam hasnt either passed the exam. My friend didnt pass.
10. Both Peter and I are going to the concert.
11. Dont approve of gambling. My friends dont either.
12. Paul has been informed. Louise has too.
13. Tom doesnt like Thai food. His wife does.
14. Charlie wont come and Dan wont either.
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15. I can play the violin. My brother cant.
Ex.7. Add an appropriate response to the following sentences.
1. Thats Harry over there! (surprise) So it is!
2. Shes found a job! (surprise)
3. George doesnt like strawberries. (addition − I)
4. Diana has gone on holiday. (addition − Alice)
5. Rebecca doesnt like Caroline. (addition − I)
Ex.8. Fill in the blanks using the verb in brackets.
1. A: Will Bill come to the races? (think)
B: I dont think so. Hes not very well.
2. A: Will you go away for Christmas? (hope)
B: __ I need a rest.
3. A: Will your grandmother have to go into hospital? (afraid)
B: __ Shes very sick.
4. A: How do you know that John will be late? (tell)
B: __He mentioned it before leaving.
5. A: Are you going shopping tomorrow? (suppose)
B: __Theres no food in the house.
6. A: Is the whole family invited to the reception? (appear)
B: __The hall is too small.
7. A: Will you be at home this evening? (expect)
B: __I havent made any plans.
8. A: Do you think Caroline likes Hugh? (imagine)
B: __They dont seem to get on very well together.
9. A: Can you lend me some money? (afraid)
B: __I havent been paid yet.
10. A: Do you think it will rain tomorrow? (hope)
B: __I want to go on a picnic.
11. A: Will he approve of the plan? (expect)
B: __Hes accepted all our ideas so far.
12. A: Will you be at the wedding? (afraid)
B: __Ill be in Glasgow that weekend.
Unit 3
Conditionals
Ex.1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, then identify the types of conditionals as shown in the example.
1. If you dont do (not/do) your homework, you wont be allowed to go out. (Type 1)
2. If he __ (take out) a loan, hed be able to buy a car.
3. Keep the noise down or else someone __ (hear) us.
4. The state of the economy __ (improve) provided that there is a change of government.
5. I wont go on holiday unless you __ (come) with me.
6. If you __ (talk) less, you would be able to concentrate on your work.
7. If she __ (read) the newspaper, she would have known about the earthquake.
8. If the food __ (not/be) so good, we wouldnt have eaten so much.
9. If you __ (stop) complaining, we would be able to get some work done today.
10. Even if I __ (phone) them, it would have been too late to change their minds.
11. Unless you __ (turn down) the music, I wont be able to concentrate on what Im doing.
12. Unemployment will decrease provided the government__ (take) appropriate measures.
13. If you continue to threaten me, I __ (have to) seek legal advice.
14. I__ (speak) to her if she apologised for her appalling behaviour.
15. I wouldnt have been able to sit the exam if you __ (not/help) me.
16. What __ (he/say) if you told him the truth?
17. If you watch this film, you __ (get) an idea of how difficult life is for these tribes.
18. If you __ (cancel) within the time limit, we would have given you a full refund.
19. If she had realised how late it was, she __ (not/ring) us.
20. We could have some fresh air if you __ (open) the window.
Ex.2. Complete the text by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
Einstein is reported to have said, If I 1) had known (know) the destruction I would cause, I 2) __ (become) a watch-maker. If we 3) __ (continue) to use nuclear energy as a: means of defence, we 4) __ (make) our planet uninhabitable. If the public 5) __be) more aware of the dangers, they 6) __ (demand) the right to live in a safer society. If the Cold War had developed into World War III, the human race 7) __ (be/wiped out) forever. Unless we 8) __ (discover) a way to prevent nuclear war, by the 21st century we 9__ (face) major disaster. Some scientists claim that if we 10) __ (tap into) the natural energy in the universe, we 11) __ (provide) ourselves with a never-ending, pollution-free source of power. Only if we 12) __ (put) more money into research and less into defence 13) __ (we/be able to) discover other forms of energy. As long as we 14) __ (continue) to abuse knowledge and power, the earth 15) __ (remain) an insecure planet to inhabit.
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Ex.3. Put the verbs into the correct forms.
1. Ive hung out the clothes. Its lovely and sunny; if it stays (stay) like this they will be (be) dry in two hours.
2. French is essential in this job. All the telephonists speak it. If they (not know) French they (not understand) half the callers.
3. How did you do in the car rally? ~ We came in last actually; but only because we got lost. If we (not got) lost we (come) in somewhere in the middle. We certainly (not be) last.
4. I wasnt really surprised that we got lost because I knew that the navigator couldnt map-read. ~ But if you (know) that why you (take) him as navigator?
5. This flat would be all right if the people above us (not be) so noisy.
6. A group of spectators, including myself, left the stand just before the end of the game. When we were half way down the stairs a goal was scored and there was a great cheer from the spectators. If there (not be) a goal the crowd (not cheer).
7. If the crowd (not cheer) we (not run) back up the stairs to see what had happened.
8. If we (not run) back we (not crash) into the rest of the spectators on their way down, and there (not be) this frightful accident.
9. If the pain (return) youd better take another pill.
10. If you arent going to live in the house why you (not sell) it? If I (have) a house I couldnt use I (sell) it at once.
11. No, I didnt know any Russian at that time. ~ But if you (not know) Russian why you (offer) to give him Russian lessons? ~ Because I knew that he (refuse). He always rejected my offers.
12. Tell him to bring his bicycle inside. If he (leave) it outside someone (steal) it.
13. Why do people always wear dark clothes at night? If pedestrians (wear) light coloured clothes drivers (see) them much more easily.
14. She must have loved him very much because she waited for him for fifteen years. If she (not love) him she (not wait) so long.
15. He looked so small and weak that nobody asked him to do anything. If he (look) strong he (be) expected to dig all day like everyone else.
16. The government are talking of pulling the village down to make room for an airport. ~ If they (start) doing it the village people (resist)?
17. If you are catching an early train tomorrow you (like) to have breakfast at 7.00?
18. Well have to break the ice on the pond; otherwise the ducks (not be able) to swim. And if they (not be able) to swim they (not be able) to get food. (Usecan/could forms where possible.)
19. When he left school he became a fisherman. His family didnt like it at all. They (be) much happier if he (become) a greengrocer like his father.
20. They still say that if he (go) into the greengrocery business when he left school he (be) comfortably off now instead of being poor.
21. But he says that if he (have) his life again he (make) the same choice.
22. So many parcels and no baskets! If I (know) that we were going to buy so much I (bring) a basket.
23. No one bathes here. The water is heavily polluted. If you (bathe) in it you (be) ill for a fortnight.
24. I can hear the speaker all right but I wish I could see him too. ~ It he (stand) on a barrel we all (see) him and that (be) much better.
25. Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again! If I (be) Tom I (get) a new battery.
26. I expect youll see Jack at the lecture tonight. If you (do) you please (remind) him about tomorrows meeting?
27. The headmaster decided that Peter was the culprit and expelled him from the school. (If the headmaster had been more intelligent he.)
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28. But I blame the real culprit even more. If he (admit) his guilt Peter
(not be) expelled.
29. The only thing I havent got is a balcony. If I (have) a balcony I (grow) plants in pots. Then my flat (be) perfect!
30. Jack rang while you were out. ~ Oh dear! If I (know) he was going to ring I (stay) at home.
31. My unmarried friends are always telling me how to bring up my children. I sometimes think that if they (have) children they (make) just as many mistakes as I do.
32. (At a cinema) Ann: Dont worry. They get married in the end. Mary: Then youve seen it before. If you (tell) me that we (go) to something else!
33. Be careful about the time. If you (spend) too long on the first question you (not have) enough time to do the others properly.
34. We had a lot of trouble putting the tent up. If it (not be) so windy perhaps it (not be) quite so difficult.
35. Ann (sitting beside her open fire): I love open fires; if I (have) nothing hut a radiator to sit beside I (get) quite depressed.
36. Lucy, a student at a residential college: Couldnt I leave the hostel and get a flat, mother?
37. Mother: No, you couldnt. I know very well what (happen) if you (have) a flat. You (play) the guitar all night and (miss) your classes in the morning; then you (fail) your exams and (have) to repeat the year. And you (not feed) yourself properly and (get) run down. And then you (catch) some infection and (die) of it, and we (have) to leave this district as the neighbours (keep) saying that we had caused your death by letting you have your own way!
Ex.4. Rewrite the following as conditional sentences.
1. You have to go to Athens to see the Acropolis.
If you go to Athens, you can see the Acropolis.
2. You need to pass your driving test before you can drive. Unless __.
3. You must study harder to pass your exams. If__.
4. As long as the rain continues we cant play football. Unless __.
5. Tom had to ask for a pay rise or he wouldnt have got one. Unless __.
6. You need all the right spices to make an authentic Indian meal. If __.
7. Going there by bus will be cheaper than going by train. If __.
8. Entering this competition could win you a mountain bike. If __.
9. We will have to leave without him if he doesnt arrive in the next 10 minutes. Unless __.
10. We will be able to go swimming if the weather improves. Unless __.
Ex.5. Read the following situations, then write as many conditional sentences as possible.
1. As long as it rains, Ill stay at home.
If it rains, Ill stay at home. Only if it rains will I stay at home. I wont stay at home unless it rains.
2. Ill save money, then Ill go to France on holiday.
3. Wait five minutes and Ill give you a lift.
4. Ill cook and you can do the washing up afterwards.
Ex.6. Rewrite the following sentences omitting If.
1. If I were you, I wouldnt apply for the post of firefighter.
Were I you, I wouldnt apply for the post of firefighter.
2. If you should go to the post office, could you buy me some stamps?
3.If anyone should ring, will you take a message?
4.If you had turned off the oven sooner, the pizza wouldnt have burnt.
5.If I were younger, Id accept his offer.
Ex.7. Rewrite the following as mixed conditionals.
1. Hes not a good worker, so he wasnt promoted.
If he were a good worker, he would have been promoted.
2. They walked 40 kilometres, so theyre exhausted now.
3.You didnt make an appointment so we cant see you tomorrow.
4.She didnt take the medication and now shes ill again.
5.The flight left on time, so they will be in Moscow by now.
6.They were working in the rain all day, so theyre soaking wet now.
7.She didnt study at all so shell do badly in the test.
8.Hes so gullible that he believed everything you said.
9.She was talking all day, so her throat is sore now.
10.He doesnt listen to anyones advice, so he didnt do what you suggested.
Ex.8. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.
1. If you want an exotic holiday, you should go to Thailand.
2. Unless you give him enough notice, __.
3. If you hadnt overfed the cat, __.
4. Had I known she was in trouble, __.
5. Only if he apologises __.
6. The argument wouldnt have started if__.
7. If I had more time, __.
8. You wouldnt have had so much trouble if __.
9. Should I meet her again, __.
10. Had I known how late I was going to be__.
11. Only if we start recycling __.
12. If you had tried harder, __.
13. Had he given me clearer instructions, __.
14. If we leave at six oclock, __.
15. Should she ring while Im out, __.
Ex.9. Complete the sentences using the words in italics. Use two to five words.
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1. Youd better cut down on sugar.
were If I were you, I would cut down on sugar.
2. Tom got lost because we didnt give him clear directions.
have Tom __if we had given him clear directions.
3.If you dont criticise his work, hell never improve.
unless Hell never improve __his work.
4.She doesnt have many friends because she is shy.
Were If she __ have many friends.
5.Well only sign the contract if he changes that clause.
will Only if he changes that clause __the contract.
6.Hes afraid of heights, so he wont come climbing.
were If he __he would come climbing.
7.Lucy can prepare the report, but shell have to be given instructions.
only Lucy can prepare the report __instructions.
8.As long as you give it back by Friday, you can borrow my book.
provided You can borrow my book __by Friday.
9.If you dont lend us some money, we wont be able to go to the theatre.
unless We wont be able to go to the theatre __some money
10.She missed the meeting because her car broke down.
broken She wouldnt have missed the meeting if __down
11.I need to get this to her, but I havent got her fax number.
had If __I could get this to her
12.He forgot about the invitation so he didnt go to the dinner.
not Had __the invitation, he would have gone to the dinner
13.I think Bill should look for a better job.
were If __look for a better job.
14.We didnt take a map so we got lost.
taken If __we wouldnt have got lost
15.Mark didnt tell her it was a secret so she told Pam.
have If Mark had told her it was a secret, __Pam.
Ex.10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
I have had a long career. If I 1) hadnt been chosen (not/be/chosen) to play the lead in my school play, I 2) __ (not/become) what I am today. I was only nine and Im sure I 3) __ (feel) nervous if 4) __ (not/have) my parents support. They encouraged me to take dancing classes after that. If only I 5) __ (not/refuse)! I love dance now and if I 6) __ (be) younger, I 7) __ (study) ballet. Apart from that, I dont have many regrets about my career. I wish I 8) __ (perform) more in the theatre, but I suppose if I 9) __ (have), I 10) __ (not/have) time to do so many film roles.
Ex.11. Write sentences as in the example:
1. You didnt watch the news so you didnt know there was atrain strike.
I wish I had watched the news. If I had watched the news, I would have know there was a train strike.
2. You work long hours and you cant spend much time with your family.
3. You wanted to travel abroad but you forgot to renew your passport. You cant drive a car so you cant get around easily.
4. You wanted to play tennis but you broke your racquet.
5. You want to go swimming but you have lost your swimming costume.
6. You want to climb the mountain but you are afraid of heights.
7. You didnt set your video correctly so you didnt record the film.
8. You want to go out tonight but you havent got enough money.
9. You want to cook an Italian meal but you have no pasta left.
Ex.12. Rewrite the text using wishes or if-clauses as in the example:
Dear Mary,
I just had to write and let you know what a terrible day Ive had today. As my neighbour is ill I offered to take her dog for a walk. My neighbour did warn me that hes very energetic but I didnt listen. He dragged me all around the park. What a disaster! He was so excited that he knocked another neighbour off her bicycle. Unfortunately she hurt her leg and she was very angry with me. I shouldnt have taken the dog for a walk. To make matters worse, I had forgotten to lock the front door as wed left the house in a rush. My house was burgled. Why was I so stupid? I hadnt even renewed our house insurance. My husband keeps going on about it. Well, hopefully tomorrow will be better.
With love, Lisa
I wish I hadnt had such a terrible day today.
Ex.13. Complete the sentences using the words in italics. Use two to five words.
1.Its a pity I cant go to the cinema today, but I have to babysit.
could I wish I could go to the cinema today, but I have to babysit.
2.Its a shame we didnt go out for dinner.
gone I wish __for dinner.
3.I dont have many friends here.
had I wish __here.
4.Its a pity I cant go out tonight but I have to work late.
could I wish __but I have to work late.
5.Its a shame we didnt go home for Christmas.
gone I wish __for Christmas.
6.If it werent raining, we could go for a walk.
stop I wish __we could go for a walk.
7.Its a pity that I wasnt given the position.
been I wish __the position.
8.Ive been offered a job in Spain, but I cant speak Spanish.
speak I wish __because Ive been offered a job in Spain.
Ex.14. Complete the following sentences as shown in the example.
1.If Bob hadnt broken his leg, he could have come with us.
2.If only he hadnt lied to Sally__.
3.If John is in trouble, __.
4.If only she had more patience, __.
5.If she had won the competition, __.
6.Ann wishes she had set the alarm, __.
7.I wish I hadnt left the oven on too long, __.
8.If only I had written down her phone number, __.
9.If she hadnt been sitting in the sun all afternoon, __.
10.Tom wishes he hadnt gambled last Sunday, __.
Ex.15. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. Suppose they had not turned up (not/turn up) to meet you, what would you have done?
2. If only I __ (not/eat) so much last night.
3. If she __ (tell) me it was a secret, I wouldnt have told anyone.
4. Suppose you __ (miss) your connection, how would you have got home?
5. Suppose he __ (catch) you smoking, what would you do?
6. Id rather we __ (leave) now.
7. If only I __ (not/stay) out so late last night.
8. Its high time you __ (take) some responsibility for your actions.
9. Supposing you __ (fail) your exams, what would you have done?
10. Its time you __ (light) the fire its getting very cold.
11. She spends money as if she __ (have) loads of it, but I know shes in debt.
12. If we __ (install) a burglar alarm, this wouldnt have happened.
13. Id rather we __ (go) home now.
14. I wish she __ (study) harder instead of watching TV all the time.
15. Id rather she __ (not/wear) my dress last night. Shes ruined it.
Ex.16. Read the following situations, then make sentences using would rather or had better.
1. You want to play tennis not squash. I would rather play tennis than play squash.
2. You dont want her to invite him to the party.
3. You want to be left alone to read and dont want to go to the cinema.
4. It would be more sensible for you to go and rest for an hour.
5. I would prefer to spend Christmas in Spain and not go home.
6. We should have waited for him at home.
7. Mary always wears horrible orange lipstick. You wish she wouldnt.
8. Your friend turns up late and you are angry with him.
Ex.17. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1. Id rather go (go) fishing this afternoon.
2. Id rather you __ (not/wear) my red dress to the dance tonight.
3. Id rather you __(say) that you didnt want to come!
4. Id rather__ (go) by plane but I couldnt afford the air fare.
5. Id rather you __ (not/use) such bad language! It upsets people.
6. We prefer__ (watch) films to __ (watch) political programmes.
7. Id rather you __ (not/tell) them the news yet.
8. I prefer__ (cook) dinner rather than __ (eat) in that restaurant.
9. Wed prefer __ (call) our child David, rather than __ (call) him Stephen.
10. We would rather __ (recycle) our rubbish than __ (use) non-recyclable goods.
11. He had better__ (not/tell) her or Ill be furious!
