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1.All citizens are obliged to observe laws.
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2.As our meeting was to be held at 5 p.m. we had to finish our work earlier than usual.
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3.You should ask your friends to help you with your English.
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4.You may smoke here.
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5.He can speak English.
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6.We shall be able to discuss this problem at the seminar.
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7.Article III of the Constitution of the US provides that the judicial power of the US shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferiour courts as the Congress may ordain and establish.
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8.The judges ought to act according to the law.
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9.You will have to do this work now.
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10.The investigator shouldbe able to use all the evidence to prove his case.
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11.Both parents are obliged to support their children. In case of divorce one of the parents is to pay alimony through court.
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1.The criminal was sentenced to imprisonment. ( , )
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2.I am very busy tonight.( )
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3.The court is to examine all cases coming before it objectively.( )
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4.He is to make a report on Tuesday..( )
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5.All laws are to protect the life and the rights of citizens..( )
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6.The task of the police was to find the thief and recover the stolen property.( )
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1.Under the Russian Labour Law a worker does not have to give his reasons for leaving the job.( )
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2.The state universities which function in many towns of our country have law departments.( )
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3.The American President has to bear full responsibility for the foreign relations of the US.( )
4.Russia does not have special courts for trying juveniles.( )
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5.The courts of law impose imprisonment on persons who have committed grave offences or who have been considered particularly dangerous recidivists.( , Present Perfect )
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6.All important Foreign Office Papers have to be submitted to the sovereign before they are sent abroad.( )
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1.We know a just and lasting peace everybody needs will not come of itself, it must be gained by all progressive people.
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2.You know there are no social groups interested in war.
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3.All constitutional authorities in England admit it is the Cabinet and not Parliament that controls and runs the nations affairs.
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4.Certain discretionary powers the monarch has are known as the Royal Prerogative.
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Criminal Law
Criminal Law is to provide protection for the Russian social and state system, personal property and the personal rights of citizens against criminal encroachments.
Criminal Law defines the acts which are socially dangerous and must be regarded as crimes. It lays down the penalties that should be applied to persons committing these crimes. Here are some leading principles of Russia Criminal Law:
1.A person may be charged with criminal responsibility only when he has committed an act specialty provided for in Criminal Law.
2.Responsibility can exist only in the presence of guilt.
3. Criminal punishment shall be applied only by sentence of the court.
4.Persons committing crimes in a state of intoxication are not released from criminal responsibility.
5.The death sentence may be passed as an exceptional penalty in cases specifically enumerated in law.
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1.Each state has its own system of courts similar to that of the Federal courts.
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2.Judgements and sentences excluding those passed by the Supreme Court may be appealed against in a court of higher instance.
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3.We want to have friendly relations with all governments and with that of the US as well.
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4.In our country some important cases as those concerned with crimes against the state are heard by the regional courts.
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5.Among other duties of the Procurators Office are those of investigating criminal cases.
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6.The simplest type of international tribunal is that which consists of a single member.
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1.All bodies of state power in our country are elected ones.
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2.A just war is one that is aimed against any violation of the rights of a nation.
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3.In the US the district courts are the lowest ones in the federal court system.
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4.British parliament can make new laws and repeal old ones.
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5.The American Government education programme is a very modest one.
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6.The legislative function of a government consists of making new laws and alteration of the old ones.
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1.In the US the more money one can spend the better lawyer one can have.
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2.The more interested the lawyer is in ones case, the more time he spends on it.
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3. One mustnt do it.
4. One can see many foreigners in the streets of Moscow.
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5. One should work regularly if one wants to master English.
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1. One should begin investigating each case with the thought that everything will have to be proved.( )
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2.This article is difficult, take another one. (-)
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3.There are many branches of law and labour law is one of them.()
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4. One may say that the function of criminal law is punitive and corrective.( )
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5.Each district court has from one to eighteen Federal district judges, the number depends on the amount of work within the territory.()
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6.In a legal sense an eye-witness is one who saw or heard the commission of the crime.(-)
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7.The British constitutional system is one which has developed over centuries for the protection of its social order.(-)
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1. That question was discussed at the previous conference.( )
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2.The regional courts hear and determine cases that are similar in character to those tried by district courts but which are of a more serious nature.( , )
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3.The bodies of government in the UK are: those of the legislature, those of the executive and those of the judiciary.(-)
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4.That is the man that told me about it.( )
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5.In our country only those juveniles whose anti-social behaviour becomes dangerous are deprived of freedom.( )
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6.The population of India is greater than that of Japan.(-)
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7.Investigation in England is somewhat different from that in Russia and indeed from that of the rest of Europe.(-)
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1.The defendant said that he had never been arrested for any offence.
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2.Our law declares that no person may be tried for the same offence more than once.
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3. No person may be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
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4.A criminal investigation is not ended until it has found suspects.
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5.If one of the parties has failed to perform its obligations, the other party in the case calls upon the Security Council.
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6. No one can be deprived of the freedom unless sentenced by a court.
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7.As neither the procurator nor the defendant made any appeals to a higher court, the sentence acquired legal force.
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1.Law is a system of rules regulating relations in human society.
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2. While applying penalties to persons who have committed crimes the judicial organs first and foremost seek to reform such persons.
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3.All in all there are nearly 3500 courts in the country staffed by almost 8000judges.
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4. Being the prime condition for human life labour plays a major role in human history.
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5.When asked I was glad to write an article about our work.
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6.He was convicted for the crime committed.
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7. While passing sentence for crimes committed, the court not only punishes the criminal but also reeducates him.
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The Russian Court and the Procurators Office
The Russian Court is an organ of state that administers justice on the basis of the laws of the Russian state.
The basic Russian judicial organ is the district peoples Court which consists of a judge and two peoples assessors having the rights of judges when the court is in session.
The majority of the cases are heard by the district peoples Court. More important cases such as the crimes against the state are determined by the regional court or a court of equal standing.
Judgements and sentences excluding those passed by the Supreme Court may be appealed against in a court of higher instance.
The Supreme Court of Russia is the highest judicial organ of the Russian state. It is charged to supervise the work of all judicial organs.
The Procurators Office is established to exercise supervisory power over the strict observance and application of the law by all organizations, officials as well as by all citizens of the country.
Other duties of the Procurators Office are to investigate criminal cases, collect evidence against the criminals and see to it that other investigating bodies act according to the law.
So it may be said that the Procurators Office, like all the Russian courts, protects legality, and law and order.
