Упражнение 381
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 3. (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends. 4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends. 5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.
13. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home.
14. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.
| «1 | Формы причастия | |
| Active | Passive | |
| Present Perfect Past | writing having written | being written having been written written |
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Причастие 313
| Как переводить разные формы причастия на русский язык | ||
| Формы причастия | Как их переводить | |
| причастием | деепричастием | |
| reading | читающий | читая |
| having read | — | прочитав |
| being read | читаемый (т. е. который читают) | будучи читаемым (т. е. когда его читали), будучи прочитанным (т. е. когда его прочитали) |
| having been read | — | будучи прочитанным (т. е. когда его прочитали) |
| read | прочитанный | — |
| building | строящий | строя |
| having built | — | построив |
| being built | строящийся (т. е. который строят) | будучи строящимся (т. е. когда его строили) будучи построенным (т. е. когда его построили) |
| having been built | — | будучи построенным (т. е. когда его построили) |
| built | построенный | — |
Упражнение 382
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The broken arm was examined by the doctor.
3. While being examined, the boy could not help crying. 4. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 5. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. 7. While using a needle, you should be careful not to prick your finger. 8. While crossing the street, one should first look to the left and then to the right. 9. People watching a performance are called an audience. 10. Being very ill, she could not go to school. 11. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill. 12. The tree struck by lightning was all black and leafless. 13. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 14. The door bolted on the inside could not be opened. 15. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way. 16. The room facing the garden is much more comfortable than this one. 17. Having descended the mountain, they heard a man calling for help. 18. Flushed and excited, the boy came running to his mother. 19. He stood watching the people who were coming down the street shouting and waving their hands.
| Обратите внимание на способы перевода на английский язык русских причастий | ||||
| CD S 1- о СО о. П. | действительный залог | несовершенный вид | бросающий, бросавший | throwing нельзя1 |
| совершенный вид | бросивший | нельзя1 | ||
| страдательный залог | несовершенный вид | бросаемый | being thrown | |
| совершенный вид | брошенный | thrown |
1 Действительное причастие совершенного вида (а также несовершенного вида прошедшего времени) может быть переведено на английский язык только придаточным определительным предложением (who threw, who has thrown, who had thrown).
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Причастие
| Обратите внимание на способы перевода на английский язык русских деепричастий: | ||||
| О S 1-о СО о. с. G) G) d | действительный залог | несовершенный вид | бросая | throwing |
| совершенный вид | бросив | having thrown | ||
| страдательный залог | несовершенный вид | будучи бросаемым | being thrown | |
| совершенный вид | будучи брошенным | being thrown having been thrown |
Упражнение 383
Переведите следующие русские причастия и деепричастия на английский язык.
Приносящий, принесенный, принося, принеся, переводящий, переведенный, переводя, переведя, давая, написав, читающий, берущий, данный, прочитав, сделанный, пьющий, сказанный, будучи потерянным, нарисовав, написавший, делая, взятый, взяв, рисуя, выпитый, сделав, идя, пишущий, прочитанный, дав, рисующий, делающий, нарисованный, выпив, говорящий, беря, написанный, читая, идущий, дающий, сказав, сидевший, посмотрев, будучи забыт, строящий, строящийся, играя, поиграв, рассказанный, рассказавший, видя, принесший, будучи принесенным, построенный, продав.
Упражнение 384
В следующих предложениях употребите, где возможно, причастия вместо глаголов в личной форме. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.
1. When he was running across the yard, he fell. 2. When I was going home yesterday, I kept think-
ing about my friend. 3. He put on his coat, went out and looked at the cars which were passing by. 4. She closed the book, put it aside and looked at the children who were running about in the yard. 5. As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody. 6. As we were given dictionaries, we managed to translate the article easily. 7. As soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 8. As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it.
Упражнение 385
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read. 2. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics. 3. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 4. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family. 5. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present before. 6. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful problem, he changed the subject. 7. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story preserved all the sparkling humour of the original. 8. (to approve) by the critics, the young author's story was accepted by a thick magazine. 9. (to wait) for some time in the hall, he was invited into the drawing room. 10. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady. 11. They reached the oasis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 12. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once. 13. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the nurse. 14. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours.
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Упражнение 386
Замените выделенные части предложений причастными оборотами. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.
1. When he arrived at the railway station, he
bought a ticket, walked to the platform and boarded the train. 2. As he was promised help, he felt calmer. 3. After he was shown in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for a while. 4. Robin-son started the building of the house at once and finished it before the season of rains set in. 5. He poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an armchair and looked at the woman who was sitting opposite him. 6. When he had left the house and was crossing the street, he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had forgotten to phone his friend. 7. He looked at me and hesitated: he did not know what to say. 8. As he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he easily found his way to the marketplace. 9. He has no language problems, because he has been studying English for a long time. 10. After I had written this exercise, I began to doubt whether it was correct. 11. Take care when you cross the street. 12. Students should always be attentive when they are listening to the lecturer. 13. There are many students who study music. 14. Don't you feel tired after you have walked so much?
Упражнение 387
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. Артистка, рассказывающая детям сказки по радио, знаменита на всю страну. 2. Ребенок всегда с интересом слушает сказки, рассказываемые няней. 3. Рассказывая ребенку сказки, она говорит разными голосами, имитируя героев сказок. 4. Рассказав ребенку сказку, она пожелала ему
Причастие
спокойной ночи. 5. Сказка, рассказанная няней, произвела на ребенка большое впечатление. 6. Моя бабушка, рассказавшая мне эту сказку, живет в маленьком домике на берегу озера.
Упражнение 388
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остановился. 2. Будучи очень занят, он не сразу услышал меня. 3. Услышав шаги, он поднял голову. 4. Выпив чашку чая, она почувствовала себя лучше. 5. Играя в саду, дети не заметили, что стало темно. 6. Подойдя к двери, он открыл ее. 7. Том подошел к смеющейся девочке. 8. Он положил на стол смятое письмо. 9. Плачущая девочка была голодна. 10. Бабушка смотрела на детей, играющих во дворе. 11. Она любит смотреть на играющих детей. 12. Сделав уроки, дети пошли гулять. 13. Лежа на диване, он читал книгу. 14. Принеся свои игрушки в комнату, ребенок начал играть. 15. Прочитав много книг Диккенса, он хорошо знал этого писателя.
Независимый причастный оборот (Nominative Absolute Participial Construction)
The day being piercing Так как день был прони-
cold. he had no desire to зываюше холодным, он
loiter. не имел желания медлить.
Упражнение 389
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
1. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat. 2. The weather having changed, we decided to stay
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where we were. 3. You can set your mind at ease, all being well. 4. There being no chance of escape, the thief was arrested on the spot. 5. Oliver knocked weakly at the door and, all his strength failing him, sank near the door. 6. The bridge having been swept by the flood away, the train didn't arrive. 7. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time. 8. It being cold and damp, a fire was lighted for the weary travellers to warm themselves by. 9. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. 10. The hour being late, she hastened home. 11. The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker. 12. The weather being very warm, the closet window was left open. 13. And the wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 14. The vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather being calm, there was but little motion. 15. The next morning, it being Sunday, they all went to church. 16. For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into a room at the back. 17. There being nothing else on the table, Oliver replied that he wasn't hungry. 18. Mrs. Maylie being tired, they returned more slowly home. 19. Their search revealing nothing, Clyde and she walked to a corner. 20. The wind being favourable, our yacht will reach the island in no time. 21. I had long tasks every day to do with Mr. Mell, but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss Murdstone here. 22. It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. 23. He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything. 24. He started about five, Riggs having informed him that the way would take him three hours. 25. Our horses being weary, it was agreed that we should come to a halt. 26. It having been decided that they should not go out on account of the weather, the members of the par-
ty were busy writing their notes. 27. The wind stirring among trees and bushes, we could hear nothing. 28. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was very low. 29. This material being a dielectric, no current can flow through it.
His story told, he Когда его история была
leaned back and рассказана, он откинулся
sighed. назад и вздохнул.
Упражнение 390
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
1. His directions to the porter finished, he came up to his niece. 2. Dinner being over, we assembled in the drawing room. 3. The fifth of June arriving, they departed. 4. This being understood, the conference was over. 5. The constraint caused by the old man's presence having worn off a little, the conversation became more lively. 6. This done, and Sikes having satisfied his appetite, the two men lay down on chairs for a short nap. 7. The concert being over, the lottery came next. 8. Dinner being over, the old lady asked Barbara to come and sit on the sofa near her. 9. Then, the house search proving that she was not there, Asa went outside to look up and down the street. 10. All the necessary preparations having been made with utmost secrecy, the army launched an attack. 11. The treaty having been signed, trade was at once resumed. 12. About eleven o'clock, the snow having thawed, and the day being finer and a little warmer than the previous one, he went out again. 13. The cathode heated, the electrons leave the surface and move to the anode. 14. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.
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Причастие
Sir Henry was deep in Сэр Генри был погружен
his papers, his long в свои бумаги, причем
white hands moving (а) его длинные белые
nervously.руки нервно двигались.
She stood silent, her lips Она стояла молча,
pressed together.плотно сжав губы.
Упражнение 391
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
1. Then they heard the noise of the plane, its shadow passing over the open glade. 2. She remembered him talking, his glasses magnifying his round blue eyes. 3. She sat staring into the fire, the sock forgotten on her knee. 4. He heard the bathers coming up the sandy road, their voices ringing through the quiet. 5. They continued their way, the boy sobbing quietly, the man ashamed. 6. They went down the stairs together, Aileen lingering behind a little. 7. He lifted the lid and kept it in his hand while she was drinking, both standing. 8. She danced light as a feather, eyes shining, feet flying, her body bent a little forward. 9. We walked very slowly home, Agnes and I admiring the moonlight, and Mr. Wick-field scarcely rising his eyes from the ground. 10. They walked quickly through street after street, the Dodger leading and Oliver at his heels. 11. He was standing there silent, a bitter smile curling his lips. 12. The dog sat close to the table, his tail thumping now and again upon the floor, his eyes fixed expectantly on his master. 13. The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material.
14. Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity.
15. Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor being the Russian scientist A. S. Popov.
Упражнение 392
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
1. She stood listlessly, her head dropping upon her breast. 2. She rose from the bed and removed her coat and stood motionless, her head bent, her hands clasped before her. 3. Pale-lipped, his heart beating fast, Andrew followed the secretary. 4. Jack sat silent, his long legs stretched out. 5. The speaker faced the audience, his hand raised for silence.
6. He sat down quickly, his face buried in his hands.
7. Clyde sat up, his eyes fixed not on anything here but rather on the distant scene at the lake.
8. She hurried along, her heels crunching in the packed snow.
Then she sprang away Потом она отскочила
and ran around the desks и побежала вокруг парт
and benches, with Тот и скамеек, а Том бежал
running after her.за ней.
Упражнение 393
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
1. Little Paul sat, with his chin resting on his hand. 2. He stood, with his arms folded. 3. Lanny stood looking at the lorry rolling away, with his cheek burning and his fists clenched. 4. She stood there, with her brows frowning, her blue eyes looking
11 Ю. Голицынский
322ГР АММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Причастие
Before her.5. Не leant a little forward over the table, with his wrists resting upon it. 6.And then came the final moment, with the guards coming for him. 7.He slowly and carefully spread the paper on the desk, with Lowell closely watching. 8.She was standing on the rock ready to dive, with the green water below inviting her. 9.Twenty minutes later he came out of number seven, pale, with his lips tightly compressed and an odd expression on his face. 10.Little Oliver Twist was lying on the ground, with his shirt unbuttoned and his head thrown back. 11.The girl wandered away, with tears rolling down her cheeks. 12.The moonlit road was empty, with the cool wind blowing in their faces. 13.She sat on the steps, with her arms crossed upon herknees. 14.Then, with her heart beating fast,she went up and rang the bell.
Упражнение 394
Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя независимый причастный оборот.
As our work was finished,we went home. 2. If the letter is posted today,the news will reach them tomorrow. 3. If mother permits us,we shall go to the theatre. 4. When the working day was over,she went straight home. 5. As a storm was arising,the ship entered the harbour. 6. When the packing had been done,the girls left for the station. 7. As the stop was a long one,the girls got off the train. 8. As the weather was perfect,Lydia played tennis every day. 9. As the last month was a very busy one,she could not answer her friend's letter. 10. If time permits,we shall come a few days earlier. 11. When the third bell had gone,the curtain slowly rose. 12. As the underground station was not far, we
walked there. 13. Bill could not sleep the whole night, as there was something wrong with his eye. 14. As the rules were very strict, the doorkeeper did not permit Bill to enter. 15. As the front door was open, she could see straight through the house. 16. Rip had no desire to work on his farm, for it was to his mind the worst piece of land in the neighbourhood. 17. They stood there; the night wind was shaking the drying whispering leaves. 18. As the situation was urgent, we had to go ahead. 19. When the greetings were over, Old Jolyon seated himself in a wicker chair. 20. The town of Crewe is known to be one of the most busy junctions in England: many railway lines pass through it. 21. We set off; the rain was still coming down heavily. 22. After a private sitting room had been engaged, bedrooms inspected and dinner ordered, the party walked out to view the city. 23. Dinner was served on the terrace, as it was very close in the room. 24. Thoughtful, Andrew finished his omelette; his eyes were all the time fixed upon the microscope. 25. There was in fact nothing to wait for, and we got down to work.
26. The question was rather difficult to answer at once, and I asked for permission to think it over.
27. He stood leaning against the wall, his arms were folded. 28. There was very little time left; we had to hurry. 29. Of an evening he read aloud; his small son sat by his side. 30. The new engines were safely delivered, all of them were in good order. 31. Our efforts to start the car had failed, and we spent the night in a nearby village.
Запомните следующее предложение:
