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:




:

































 

 

 

 


5.




 

1.

2.

 

1.

, . , .

.. . (strata) , . , .

, , , .

, , .

: 1) ; 2) ( ); 3) (, . .); 4) . . .

: -; ; ; ; ; -; ; -; -. .

- - . , , , . , . , . , . , . , - .

. - . . , . . . . , : XVII XIX .; ; , .

. , , . , , , . . , : , , . , . , . . , , . , . , . . , (, , , .).

. , . . . , . , . - . 1897 ., : 1,5%, 0,5 %, 0,3%, 10,6%, 77,1 %, 2,3%. , . .

. . . , , - (, , ), , , . , , , , . -, . ( ) . - , , , . .

- . . . , , . (, , , ), . - ( ). , , . - , - .

. , . . , . , . , . , , . . , . .

-. . , , () . , , , , , , . , , , . , , .

-, . , , . , , , ( , , ) - . , ( , , ). , , , , , . , .

. , , , , : , , , .

, ( ) ( ) .

, .

, ( - , ).

, .

. , . .

. . [6]. , 6 , . : (1,44%), (1,56%), (10,22%); (28,12%), (32, 60%) (25,22%). , . , , .

; , . , . . , , , , . , . , . , , .

. , , , , . 60 70% , ( ) .

, . ( ) , , , . .

.. [7], : , , , , .

, , . .

. , , , . , .

. . - . (), ( ), , , .

- . , , , , , , , , .

, . , , , , , . .

" ", [8], . .. . , , , .

0,3-0,4% .

, " " (7,2%). " " : " -1" -2.

" -1" (1,8%) - -, . - 68% 32%. - 63% . : 30% , , 20% . "" - 33% . " -1" - 69% 31% . - 9% , , 50% , . 80% "-1" 500 . , 69% . 80% . 1 - . : 58% , . . , . . 90% . 88% , . - . : , . : , .

" -2" (5,4%) - , " " . : 50% . 57% , 23% - ( - ). , , . "-2" , . 80% 500 60% - 100 . -2 . . " -2" . 37% , . 20% , . "-2" . 10% , . . -2 . - . . 76% , . 70% , . 86% . , -. , , .

/, " " (15,5%). , " ", - . , : " -1" -2.

" -1" (10%) , , , . , 70%. ( ), . 20% , . 10-15% , . " , ?" 27% . , (66%) (23%) (13%). . , , , , . , " " ( 13%). " -1" , , . : 70% , , 89% , 71% - , 68% , , 50% , . : . , .

" -2" (5% ). (82%). - 16%. , , . " -2" - 35% , , , 16% , , . 24% , , , 20% , . , - , " -2" . . 61% , . 89% . 62% , . : . " ?" 30% , , 12%, .

, " " (19%). , , - , . " -1", " -2" " -3".

" -1" (2,7%). 90% , , . . 70% "-1" . - 14% , 76% - . . 9% , . "-1" . . 52% . 50% , , 11% - . . 46% , . , . - 42% "-1", 100 500 . - 20%, , , - 10%. - . 75% , , 94% , 81% , . - , . " , ".

" -2"( 5,5%) - , . 80% 20% . - 70%. . . 34% , , 8% , . 34% , , 7% - . . - . 87% . 72% , . 46% , . - , ,

" -3" (10,8%) - . . : 50:50. . , "-3", - 400 . . - 29%. " - 25%. " , " - 10%. . "-3" , . . " ?" - 33% 10%. 86% . 68% , . 45% , . , , .

" ", (15%). " -1" (10%) " -2" (4,8%).

" -1" - (62% 38%). , . - , , . - , , , , . , (55 45). . - 40% , , . , , -. . -1 " ". , , . "-1" . : " , ". "-1" , . 81% . 62% , .

"-2" (4,8%) - , . 10% , . , . (60%), . (60%) , : , , . : 50% , . 26% , , , 48% , , 23% , 54% , . : , , . : " ". , .

(10% ). (65%). - 43% , 9% - . - 40% . (42%) ( 10%) -. 23% "" , , . , . 18% , . 41% , . 50% . 34% , , 19% - . 52% , (27% ), 80% , 60% , 55% , . - " ".

(31%). , . 65% . 9% - . , . 19% , . 8% , , . . , -, , -, . 15% , . , . 30% , , 14% - . 42% , 34% , , . 40% , , 45% - . - " - ". . , , .

.

" -1" - -, . ( 1,8% ) . - , .

. " -2" " ". " -1" ( ). " ", , , .

"-2" ( ). , , , .

, " ", " -2" ( ) - " -1". .

- 25% .

. " -1" " -3", , , -1. "-3" , , . , . . , , , . 40% .

. - , . , . " " " ". 60% . .

"-1" . "-2" . "-1", , , . - , , . - . " " - 30 40% , .

60% 40% . " -3" -1. - " -2". , - . - 15% . , , . , , , , .

- "-2" . , . - 15%, - 20%. - , 50 . . , . , , , . .





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