:
) --- ; , ( , );
) --- ; ( 1 ); ( 1 .); ( ) .
t --- ; t --- ; t. --- ; t. --- . . R, R, R R . () (, ) (, ) :
∑ --- (, ), ; Q --- , , .
, , . , , () , .
().
( ) ( ) N:
N --- ( ) , . , () --- , . . , . ( ) . :
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∑. --- ; Op --- .. , :
1tp.∑ --- t (, ), .; t. --- , .. t. t t.; R. --- t.; t ∑--- t.. , .. , :
N --- ( --- ). (, ) , :
D = D t.,
D --- , /. ( n ) , , :
. , , .
20.
--- , . : () .
- , , , , , ().
:
--- , , , , . . ,
; () , ..;
--- , . --- , , .. , , , .
, : --- () ( ).
--- , , .
(, , , ..) , , , . ( , , .) , ( , , ..). (), (), (, ) .
--- , . (, , , ..). , , . (, ..), (), . --- , --- , () .
, , --- . , .
:
--- , , , , , , , , ..;
--- , - , , , , .;
--- , , ( --- -), - (), ..;
, , .
:
--- , , , , --- , , , , () .., .;
--- - , , , ..;
--- , , , ..;
, .
--- - , , . :
, :
, ;
, .
. . , , , .
, , - ,
--- --- .
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