, , . , , , , , , .
. , , . . , . , .. . , 1497-84.
, Ϭ1 = Ϭmax, Ϭ2 = Ϭ3 = 0, τmax = Ϭmax /2 , 45 Ϭ1. (.).
, Ϭ ε (.11.) . Ϭ F0, ε ∆ℓ ℓ0. -
.
, .. - ∆ℓ (.11.), .
, . , , . , .
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1. σ , , , - 50% . .12.7 σ .
2. Ϭ0.05 , 0.05% , . ( 1497-84) 10 , .. 50 , (.12.7).
Ϭ0.05 - ∆ℓ. (). (.12.8) , 500.05% ( ), , . 0.05. Ϭ0.05 :
Ϭ0.05 = 0.05 /F0 ,,
F0 - . . ∆ℓ , ∆ℓ. ∆ℓ .
3. Ϭ. . , ( 2 3 .12.9). : Ϭ , . Ϭ , .
. Ϭ0.2 , 0.2% . Ϭ0.2 (.12.10) , Ϭ0.05. Ϭ0.2 = 0.2 /F0.
4. , . - - G. , . :
= ∆ ℓ0 /∆ℓ F0,
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∆ , ℓ0 (50 ), ∆ℓ ( ), F0 - .
5. ( ) Ϭ , max, . Ϭ = max / F0.
. δ ψ.
6. ( ) δ , , . :
δ = [(ℓ - ℓ0) / ℓ0 ] 100 (%),
ℓ ( ) .
7. ( ) ψ - F0 ( ) F F0, . :
ψ = [(F0 - F) / F0 ] 100 (%).
8. S , F. S .
9. , (.. - ∆ℓ). . , , , (.11.). , , .