| breath fail impression secret strike costs hurry return stock words |
a) This is important. You must catch the two men at all... costs....
b) He says he's ill. Or in other...................., he doesn't want to come.
c) I was under the....................that you enjoyed working here.
d) Sorry, I can't stop. I'm in a.....................
e) Please hand your work in on Tuesday, without.....................
f) We can't go by train. The train-drivers are on.....................
g) Martin is supposed to have given up smoking, but he smokes in.........
h) I'm afraid we don't have your size, we are out of.....................
i) If I give you the information, what will you give me in....................?
j) I ran for the bus, and now I'm out of.....................
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| average force particular profit sight detail himself practice public whole |
a) Harry managed to sell his house at a... profit...
b) What was he doing here all by....................?
c) Larry is so famous that he doesn't appear in....................very often.
d) That was a terrible shot! I'm rather out of.....................
e) How many cars do you sell, on...................., every week?
f) The police are coming! Stay out of....................until they leave.
g) I might be able to help you. What do you want to know in...............
h) I suppose I enjoyed my holiday on the.....................
i) Can you tell me about the plans in....................?
j) The gun had to be taken away from David by.....................
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| by heart in difficulties in turn on holiday out of work by sight in pain in two on sale without a doubt |
a) When I sat on the pencil, it broke.... in two....
b) Most of the people in the office are....................at the moment.
c) This is....................the best washing machine on the market.
d) Graham has been....................ever since he came to London.
e) I know her...................., but I don't know her name.
f) The lifeguard dived in to save a swimmer.....................
g) John learned his first speech.....................
h) Why don't you share the bike? You can ride it.....................
i) You could tell he was....................by the way he kept groaning.
j) Cigarettes and ice-cream are....................in the foyer.
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| at any rate by surprise in person out of danger out of tune by all means from now on in private out of order under orders |
a) Jim's excuse was that he was acting.... under orders.... from his boss.
b) Things have changed............................., no-one will leave before 5.00.
c) Thank goodness. All the passengers are now.............................
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d) The president would like to meet you and thank you............................
e) Your violin sounds awful! I think it's.............................
f) It's a warm country. We won't need our pullovers,.............................
g) Excuse me, but I'd like to have a word with you.............................
h) You can't use the phone. It's.............................
i) The news about Shirley took me completely.............................
j) Yes, of course. Take the chairs,.............................
. . , .
| The Psychology of Accidents Most people are under the impression that doing something by a mistake is quite different from doing something on purpose. In the fact, according to by some psychologists, many accidents do not, on the whole, really happen to by chance. There may be good reasons for actions which seem to be accidental. For an example, someone who fails to arrive on time as for a meeting at work may be worried about his or her job, or be in with difficulties at home. In other words, there are often good reasons for behaviour which seems at the first to be accidental. Of this course, some people are involved in more accidents than others. These people are called 'accident prone'. In the general they either suffer from stress, or could have in a physical illness without knowing about it. | \/. a 1).. 2).. 3).. 4).. 5).. 6).. 7).. 8).. 9).. 10).. 11).. 12).. 13)... 14) 15).. |
1. .
across, along, around, down, into, out of, past, to, towards, up
2. .
Jean lives opposite.
3. .
Paul didn't have a chair to sit on.
| : Unit 16 Unit 17 3 |
UNIT 14.
1. ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH IN SPITE OF / DESPITE
A. although + :
| Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications. | , . , . |
although because:
| We went out although it was raining. We didn't go out because it was raining. | , . , . |
B. in spite of despite, , (this/that/what .) (V-ing):
| In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday. I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications. She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work. In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you. | . , , . , . , , . |
Despite in spite of. 'in spite of, despite ( 'of'):
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| She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work. | , . |
' in spite of the fact (that)... ' ' despite the fact (that)... ':
| I didn t get the job despite/in spite of the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications. | , . |
in spite of because of:
| We went out in spite of the rain/despite the rain. | . |
| We didn't go out because of the rain. | - . |
C. although in spite of / despite:
| Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time. I couldn't sleepalthough I was very tired. I couldn't sleepdespite being very tired. | , . . , . , . |
D. although though:
| I didn't get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications. | , . |
though :
| The house isn't very nice. I like the garden though. I see him every day. I've never spoken to him though. | . . . . |
Even though although:
| Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. | , . |
IN CASE
A. In case , . in case will. (In case something happens) Present Simple:
| Ann might phone tonight. I don't want to go out in case she phones. I'll draw a map for you in case you can't find our house. | , , . , . , . |
just in case :
| I don't think it will rain but I'll take an umbrella just in case. | , , . |
B. In case if. In case , - -. - , - . :
| in case We'll buy some more food in case Tom comes. , , . (=, ; , ; , .) I'll give you my phone number in case you need to contact me. , . You should insure your bicycle in case it is stolen. , . | if We'll buy some more food if Tom comes. , . (= , ; , ; , .) You can phone me at the hotel if you need to contact me. , . You should inform the police if your bicycle is stolen. , . |
C. In case (+ ) , , - -:
| We bought some more food in case Tom came. I drew a map for Sarah in case she couldn't find the house. We rang the bell again in case they hadn't heard it the first time. | , . , . , . |
D. 'In case of... ' 'in case'. In case of... = 'if there is...' ( )
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| In case of fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible. In case of emergency, telephone this number. | . . |
3. UNLESS AS LONG AS AND PROVIDED/PROVIDING
A. Unless :
| I'll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late. Don't tell Sue what I said unless she asks you. 'Shall I tell Sue what you said?' 'Not unless she asks you.' I don't like fish. I wouldn't eat it unless I was extremely hungry. | , . , , . , ? , . . , . |
Unless :
| We'll be late unless we hurry. Unless you work much harder, you won't pass the exam. I was told I wouldn't pass the exam unless I worked harder. | , . , . , , . |
unless if...not:
| Don't tell Sue what I said ifshe doesn't ask you. We'll be late if we don't hurry. | , , . , . |
B. As long as etc.
as long as so long as = provided (that) providing (that) = ' ' ' '.
| You can use my caras long as/so long asif you drive carefully. Traveling by car is convenientif provided (that)/providing (that)you have somewhere to park. Providing (that)/Provided (that) she studies hard, she'll pass her exams. | , . , . , . |
C. , , will unless / as long as / provided / providing. ( ) :
| We'll be late unlesswehurry. Providing she studies hard, she will pass the exam. | , . , , . |
4. AS ( )
A. As ()
As 'because' ( , ). , :
| As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut. As they live near us, we see them quite often. We watched television all evening as we had nothing better to do. | , . , . , . |
B. As ()
As , :
| I watched her as she opened the letter. As they walked along the street, they looked in the shop windows. Can you turn off the light as you go out, please? | , . , . , , . |
: - , - (= , ):
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| Jill slipped as she was getting off the bus. The thief was seen as he was climbing over the wall. | , . , . |
as , :
| George arrived as Sue left. We all waved goodbye to Liz as she drove away in her car. | , . , . |
as , :
| As the day went on, the weather got worse. I began to enjoy the job more as I got used to it. | . , . |
just as ( = ):
| Just as I sat down, the phone rang. Just as we were going out, it started to rain. I had to leave just as the conversation was getting interesting. | , . , . , . |
C. As, when while
As , . when ( t 'as') , . when as:
| When I got home, I had a bath. As I walked into the room, the phone started ringing. | , . ( as ). , . () |
As ( ) . As + ( ) = 'because' (. A):
| As we were asleep, we didn't hear the doorbell. As they live near me, I see them quite often. | , . , . |
as . while (, ) when:
| The doorbell rang while we were asleep. (not 'as we were asleep') Angela got married when she was 23. (not 'as she was 23') | , ( ) . , 23. |
5. LIKE AS
A. Like = 'similar to', 'the same as' (, ). , as :
| What a beautiful house! It's like a palace. (not 'as a palace') 'What does Sandra do?' 'She's a teacher, like me.' (not 'as me') Be careful! The floor has been polished. It's like walking on ice. (not 'as walking') It's raining again. I hate weather like this. (not 'as this') | ! . ? , . ! . , . . . |
like . (like a palace), (like me / like this) (V-ing) (like walking).
' like (somebody/something) do ing something':
| 'What's that noise?' 'It sounds like a baby crying.' | ? , . |
B. like 'for example' = :
| Some sports, like motor racing, can be dangerous. | , , , , . |
such as (= for example):
| Some sports, such as motor racing, can be dangerous. | , , . |
C. As ( 'like') : + :
| I didn't move anything. I left everything as I found it. They did as they promised. | . , . . |
like as :
| You should have done it like this. (like + ) You should have done it as I showed you. (as + + ) | . , . |
as you know / as I said / as she expected / as I thought .:
| As you know, it's Tom's birthday next week. Jane failed her driving test, as she expected. | , . , . |
as usual / as always:
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| You're late as usual. | . |
D. As , like. :
| as Brenda Casey is the manager of a company.As the manager, she has to make many important decisions. . . ('As the manager' = in her position as the manager) During the war this hotel was used as a hospital. ( so it really was a hospital) . | like Mary Stone is the assistant manager.Like the manager (Brenda Casey), she also has to make important decisions. . , . ('Like the manager' = similar to the manager) Everyone is ill at home. Our house is like a hospital. (it isn't really a hospital) . . |
As () = 'in the position of, 'in the form of ( , ) ..:
| A few years ago I worked as a bus driver. We've got a garage but we haven't got a car, so we use the garage as a workshop. Many English words (for example, 'work' and 'rain') can be used as verbs or nouns. London is all right as a place to visit, but I wouldn't like to live there. The news of her death came as a great shock. | . , , . (, 'work' 'rain') . , . . |
regard...as ( /- ) as:
| I regard her as my best friend. | . |
AS IF
A. As if ( ) , - - // .. (looks/sounds/feels etc.):
| That house looks as if it's going to fall down. Ann sounded as if she had a cold, didn't she? I've just come back from holiday but I feel tired and depressed. I don't feel as if I've just had a holiday. | , . , , ? , . . |
:
| You look tired. (look + ) You look as if you haven't slept. (look + as if + + ) Tom sounded worried. (sound + ) Tom sounded as if he was worried. (sound + as if + + ) | . , . . , - . |
as though as if:
| Ann sounds as though she's got a cold. | . ( ) |
B. It looks/sounds/smells as if ( as though):
| Sandra is very late, isn't she? It looks as if she isn't coming. We took an umbrella with us because it looked as if it was going to rain. Do you hear that music next door? It sounds as if they're having a party. It smells as though someone has been smoking in here. | , ? , . , . ? , . , - . |
It looks/sounds/smells, as if / as though like:
| It looks likeSandra isn't coming. | , . |
C. As if , , - - :
| He ran as if he was running for his life. After the interruption, the speaker carried on talking as if nothing had happened. When I told them my plan, they looked at me as if I was mad. | , . , , , . , . |
D. as if , . . :
| I don't like Norma. She talks as if sheknew everything. | . , . |
. ('as if she knew') , : . (. Unit 8. ). :
| She's always asking me to do things for her as if I didn't have enough to do. Harry's only 40. Why do you talk about him as if he was an old man? | - . 40. , ? |
was were:
| Why do you talk about him as if he were an old man? They treat me as if I were (or was) their own son. | , ? . |
ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH IN SPITE OF / DESPITE
1. , although + .
| I didn't speak the language I had never seen her before itwas quite cold I'd met her twice before |
1. Although he has a very important job, he isn't particularly well-paid.
2........................................................., I recognized her from a photograph.
3. She wasn't wearing a coat..........................................................................
4. We thought we'd better invite them to the party........................................
5....................................................., I managed to make myself understood.
6........................................................................, the room wasn't warm.
7. I didn't recognize her.................................................................................
8. We're not very good friends........................................................................
2. although / in spite of / because / because of.
1. Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
2. a.................all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
b............we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
3. a I went home early................................................I was feeling unwell.
b I went to work the next day.............................I was still feeling unwell.
4. a She only accepted the job......................the salary, which was very high.
b She accepted the job.............................the salary, which was rather low.
5. a I managed to get to sleep..................................there was a lot of noise.
b I couldn't get to sleep...................................................the noise.
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6. a He passed the exam although...................................................................
b He passed the exam because...................................................................
7. a I didn't eat anything although...................................................................
b I didn't eat anything in spite of.................................................................
