.
1. 1
2. .
3. .
(The Noun).
, who is this? ? what is this? ?
: a man, an engineer, a computer, the Internet.
: , , . .
-s -es.
, + , -es, i.
, + , -s, . :
c + : theory - theories;
+ : day - days
, -s, -ss, -ch, -, -sh, -x -es:
circus - circuses
address - addresses
potato - potatoes
inch - inches
bush - bushes
, -f, -fe, f v -es:
knife - knives
life - lives
leaf - leaves
: chief - chiefs
roof - roofs
-s (-es) :
[z] beds, days [bedz, deiz]
[s] cats, maps [kæts, mæps]
[iz] buses, foxes ['bʌsiz, 'foksiz ]
, :
1) man [mæn] - men [mn] (, - , )
woman ['wu:mən] - women ['wimin] ( - )
child [ʧaild] - children [ʧildrən] ( -)
ox [oks] -oxen ['oksən] ( -)
tooth [tu:Ɵ] -teeth [ti:Ɵ] ( -, )
goose [gu:z] -geese [gi:z] ( -)
mouse [maus] -mice [mais ] ( -)
sheep.[ ʃ i:p] sheep - [ʃi:p] ( -)
deer [diə] - deer [diə] ( -)
2) :
datum ['deitəm] - data ['deitə] (, - , )
formula ['fo:mjulə] -formulae |'fo:mjuli:] ( - )
nucleus ['nju:kliəs] - nuclei ['nju:kliai] ( )
: spectacles (glasses) - '', trousers - '', scissors - ''; : clothes - '', savings - '', goods , ; contents .
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: news -'', hair '', money -''; : air -'', bread - '', love - '' .
, , :
hotel- keeper - - hotel-keepers
passer-by - - passers-by
man woman, :
woman-doctor - women-doctors
, ,
, , :
housewife - housewives
postman - postmen
people :
There were many people there.
people , , , , peoples
(Possessive Case)
: . , .
The student asked the teacher. .
The teacher asked the student. .
Whose? (?). . , , .
1) -'s -':
e.g. this boy 's coat - ; my brother 's dog -
2) , -'s :
e.g. Jim and Jane 's wedding -
3) . , -s (men, women, children, deer) :
e.g. those women 's children - ; these children 's toys -
4) , . - s, -':
e.g. my friend s' sisters -
5) , , , :
e.g. Peter 's room - ;Mary' s children - ; Mary Brown 's children -
6) Comrade, Mister (Mr), Mistress (Mrs), Miss , :
e.g. We liked Mr Brown 's speech. - .
7) , , , . , , of.
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e.g. the title of the book - ; the workers of the factory - ; the door of the room -
:
a) , : e.g. todays newspaper ; 2 kilometers distance 2
b) : e.g. London's museums; the earth's atmosphere; the company's future; the government's intentions; the citys center;
c) ships crew; the suns rays; the moons light; the worlds population; the regions location; the countrys history.
8) .
e.g. to the student ; by the student ; about the student .
, . .., .. . .
, ; it. , he she:
This is my dog. He is four.
, , , : Student, friend, teacher, cousin
(the Article)
: the a (an).
a (an) one '' .
: , (a lesson), an - (an English lesson, an hour, an apple).
this.
- () , () .
The book was not mine. - () .
was standing at the door. - .
The moon has no light of its own. .
c (the Alps) (the Volga), .
(the first step) (the best friend).
