I. (THE VERB)
, . . , .
to write
/ .
:
- ize - modernize
-en - darken
-ify - clarify
-ate - activate
:
en -enlarge
re-rewrite
dis-disconnect
un-untie
. , , .
to give -to give up
:
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--
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.
He works for a computer firm.
-
- , . - :
be, get, become, turn, grow, feel, smell, taste, sound, appear, seem
He is an expert in computer technologies.
It grew cold.
This food tastes good.
The weather became cold.
, :
be, have, do, shall (should), will (would)
, , , , . . , .
I am reading,
They have just come.
Do you speak English?
He will return soon.
be, have, shall (should), will (would) , , , .
be, have, do : to be , to have , to do .
2 3 - (Past Simple) II (Participle 2).
Past Simple Participle 2 -ed.
to open opened opened
-ed :
) ( d) -[d]:
lived, informed, answered
) ( t)-[t]:
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helped, asked, finished
) d t-[id]:
waited, intended
Past Simple Participle 2
to begin began begun
to send sent sent
to cut cut cut
, .
3 :
1. , , :
must, have to, be to, should, ought to, need
2. , :
can (could), be able to
3. , :
may (might), can, be allowed to, be permitted to
, .
can do it himself.
, .
can may :
can - could, may - might.
must, ought to need .
1
| Present | Past | |||
| Can (, ) | could | can (could) + Infinitive to | Cannot Could not | Cant couldnt |
| May (, . . ) | might | may (might)+infinitiv to | May not* Might not | |
| Must (, ) | had to | must+infinitive to had to + infinitive | Must not Did not have to | Mustn't Didnt have to |
* Ha May we...? o :
You may - M. You mustn't - H.
, .
, , to. , to
You may take it
I must go there.
: You ought to meet him; he's really nice.
He has to work hard.
3- -s:
He can do it. He may take it. He must go there. He ought to help him.
.. , , .
Can you do it? May I take it? Must he go there?
Can / could/ be able
: can - , could - . :
1. . "", "": e.g. She can speak English well but she can't write it at all. () -, .
2. ( ): e.g. Can we go home? ? - Yes, you can go. , .
3. , ( ): e.g. You can't speak at the lessons. .
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4. ( ) : e.g. Can (could) you give me your dictionary? - ? could .
be able + to can : e.g. Will you be able to come tomorrow? ?
May / might/ be allowed, be permitted
: may - , might - . may :
1. .
e.g. You may go. . May I help you? - .
2. .
e.g. You may not come here. .
3. , (might).
e.g. It may rain today. , .
to be allowed to/to be permitted to .
e.g. He will be allowed to use the dictionary at the exam. .
Must/had to/will have to/be to
must had to will have to :
1. , . e.g. I must go. .
2. .
e.g. You mustn't do it. .
3. - , .
e.g. He must have read this book. , , .
4. , .
e.g. You must come and see my new flat. .
5. be to
1) :
e.g. We were to meet inside the university, in the hall. () .
2) :
e.g. You are to say nothing to anyone. .
:
Ann can swim well.
Can Ann swim well?
Can Ann swim or run well?
Ann can swim well, cant she?
Who can swim well?
What can Ann do well?
II. (VERB TENSES)
4 :
5
| 1. Simple Tenses ( Indefinite Tenses) | , , , , , | |
| 2. Continuous Tenses ( Progressive Tenses) | , . | |
| 3. Perfect Tenses | ( ) | , . . |
| 4. Perfect Continuous Tenses | / / . |
3 :
Past
Present
Future
, , (Simple, Continuous, and Perfect tenses) : Active (
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Passive ( )
(Perfect Continuous tenses) Active
