( ) . .
. , , ( ). , , .., [10].
, , , , .. .
() , . , , (, , , .).
. , , , , , - ...
(). 2 : () , MS-DOS, MSX, () , , OS/360, OS/2, UNIX, Windows .
, . , . , , (, , ..), .
. : (MS-DOS, Windows 3, OS/2) (UNIX, Windows NT/2000/2003/XP/Vista).
. , .
UNIX-
UNIX ( ́) , .
UNIX 1969 . Bell Labs AT&T. UNIX-. UNIX; , , UNIX- (. Unix-like). UNIX- UNIX, UNIX- .
|
|
UNIX- :
- ;
- , ;
- ;
- ;
- , .
UNIX , . Microsoft Windows, UNIX (Mac OS X), (GNU/Linux) .
UNIX- , . , Unix- .
1957 Bell Labs . ( ) BESYS. Multics, Bell Labs.
1974 UNIX . 1975 , Bell Labs, . 1975 Bell Labs , [1].
1978 600 , , .[ 458 ] UNIX. Bourne shell.
1980- AT&T, Bell Labs, UNIX UNIX. , 1982 , UNIX System III .