1.
2.
3. . .
4.
5. . .
1. :
1)
2) ,
3) , , , . ,
4) , , , , ,
5) ( 3)
L1 , , , . W1 L2 L2-L1. , , . , W* (L*-L1), ( ).
. ( 4)
, AD1 AD2. E1 E2, Y1. AS1 AS2, Yf E3.
. , , AS1 AS2, , AD2 AD3.
:
1)
2) , , ,
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3)
E4. , , , . 4 :
1) (C)
2) (I)
3) (G)
4) (NX)
AD=E=C+I+G+NX
2. , . . : C=f(Y-T), C , Y , T , (Y-T) . T , : C=f(Y), . ( 5)
(CA) , ( ).
, . :
ü (apc) , : apc=C/Y
apc . apc , .
ü (mpc) , : mpc=#C/#Y (# - ). mpc . mpc
: C=CA+mpc*Y
: Y=C+S
(S) , : S=Y-C. ( 6)
:
v (aps) , : aps=S/Y
v (mps) , : mps=#S/#Y
Y=C+S, apc+aps=1.
#Y=#C+#S, mpc+mps=1.
, . . :
1) . , . C , S , C , S
2) . . , C , S . C , S
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3) . , . C , S . , , C , S
4) . , , .
S=-CA+mps(Y-T)
3. . (I) - (IU) () (IT): IT=I+IU.
, . 2 :
1) (R)
2) (r)
, .
, . ( 7)
, .
: I=f(R+, r-)
. , . . , , .
, . . , .
, . Y=E, E=I+C, , Y=I+C Y=I+mpc*Y, I=Y*(1-mpc). , Y=I/(1-mpc). : mI=1/(1-mpc)=1/mps
4. (E) (Y) .
(ET) (E): ET=Y, - : IU=0 (IT) (I): IT=I
.
(E=C+I+G+NX) (A). mpc.
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, . ( 8)
: E=C+I.
, . (E=C+I+G)
(E=C+I+G+NX). , , , , .
- ( ) .
, , . ( 9)
(E) (ET). ( ), , .
E ET . . Y1 E1 - (IU>0), Y0.
Y2 E2 . - (IU<0) Y0.
Y0 - (IU=0), (ET=E=Y).
. , , .
- (-) . , , .
(S=I). ( 10)
(S) . Y0, I=S.
Y2 . - (IU<0), Y0.
Y1 , , - (IU>0), Y0.
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Y0 - (IU=0), . (IT=I=S)
. (Yf).
Y1 (Yf), .
, .
Y2 (Yf), .
, .
AS.
.
(ADf), , , .
( ) , .
( ) , .
5. .
, . 1931 (mA). , . ( 12)
. , , , . . , . , , , .
. . : , . . . (v) , .
v=I/#Y
#K/#Y=K/Y= ( 13)
. , , . , , . , , , .
, , .
:
, , . . .
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. , , : , , . ( 14).
#S S1 S2, , Y1 Y2, , , S1 S2, I1 I2.
, .
, , .
. I #I=#S. , , .
( IS-LM)
1. : IS
2. : LM
3. : IS-LM
4. IS-LM
IS-LM . 1937 . 2 : ( ) .
1. IS ( ) .
(I) (S):
I(i)=S(Y)
(E ) (Y - )
E(Y)=Y(i)
E(Y)=S(Y)+T(Y)+M(Y), S(Y) , ; T(Y) , ; M(Y) , .
MPS=#S/#Y
T=T/Y
MPM=#M/#Y
Y (i)=I(i)+G+X, I(i) , G , X .
G X .
E ()=Y () . , .
, IS . ( 1)
2. LM ( ) . . MD=MS. MD=k(Y)+l(i), k(Y) ( ); l(i) ( ).
(MS=M/P ), M , , P . : . , . , LM . ( 2)
3. IS LM E, (Y*) (i*), . E :
E(Y)=Y(i)
MD(Yi)=MS
( 3)
IS LM 4 .
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 .
IS-LM . , . , , .
IS-LM IS LM.
IS:
1) , IS . IS .
2) IS , mps .
3) IS , .
4) IS , .
LM : , M/P-M/P LM. , LM .
IS-LM. ( 2)
, IS , , . , , , . ( 3).
, LM , , , . , , .
4. IS-LM . ( ), (P) (M/P), LM , . LM , .
IS-LM, . ( 4)
IS-LM, LM IS . ( 5)
-, ( )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. - () ( ) ( ).
:
Ø
Ø
Ø
(- ) ; .
() .
:
1)
2)
3)
:
1)
2)
3)
. , . , . , ( ).
2. , .
( ).
. ( 1)
#G. A B, Y1 Y2 #Y, , #G . .
:
mG=#Y/#G=1/(1-mpc)
. ( 2)
#T . , , mpc*#T. , mpc*#T. A B, Y1 Y2 #Y, .
:
mT=#Y/#T=-mpc/(1-mpc)
. , . , . (#G=#T) . , 1, #G=#T=#Y. .
. #Y=#G*1/(1-mpc)
-#Y=#T*mpc(1-mpc)
#G=#T=M, #Y=M*1/(1-mpc) M*mpc/(1-mpc), #Y=M(1/(1-mpc)-mpc/(1-mpc)), #Y=M((1-mpc)/(1-mpc))=M
3. () , .
, ( ) ( ) , - .
: , , , . ( 3)
, , , , . , . .
, , . :
1) , .
2) , .
4. , :
: ; ; , .
. - . , .
. ( 4) ( , ) IS . i1 , E2. , . ( ), . E3. , , , , LM .
. ( 5) , , , .
. . - , . . , , .
5. , . , . :
1) . .
2) . . , . , .
3) . , , . , .
:
( ). .
.
.
ü , .
ü .
ü .
, .
, .
:
v , , .
v .
v .
v , .
v , .