1 , , . (), - () .
. , . , .
1
, , . , .
- . , . .
. . , . , . . . , 8- 8- ( ).
. , - , , , .. . , . , .
( , ) . , .
. , , , . , .
|
|
, () . , .
, .. , , -. , . -. . () ().
(), .
. , . ( ), .
. , . .
. , .. , () .
, . , , ( ). : . , . .
. () () . , .
. (.. ) . . , , .
:
|
|
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
.
32 . 80386 8086 80286, , 16- 8- .
Pentium
Pentium Intel 8086. 32- , 64- , 64-. Pentium :
: (U- V- ), . ;
8 .
8 .
(Level 1) 8 486 ( ) , MESI.
64 , .
() 2-10 FPU-486 .
, CPU.
( ) , .
.
( Pentium).
.
.
( ) .
.
.
4 ( 4 ) (Paging).
Pentium- SMM, .
BIST (Built-in Self Test), , , -, - , ROM. IEEE 1149.1, JTAG.
Pentium MMX (P55C) , -, , 2D - SD- . Pentium 64- , 4 57 SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data). 64- , 8 , 4 2 . Pentium. , MMX FPU, , FPU MMX , . MMX , , , , .
|
|
Pentium
Pentium 486, . , .
- 64-, .
Pentium ( ) 32- , . CPUID, ( RESET) , .
32- , Pentium , MSR (Model Specific Registers). (TR1...TR12), , - , . (Pentium Pentium Pro) . , , , CPUID.
. TSC (Time Stamp Counter) 64- , . RDTSC.
CTRO, CTR1 40 , , , , , , . . . .
, . TR12 ( , ), :
0 NBP (No Branch Prediction) . , CR3 ( ).
1 TR .
2 SE (Single Pipe Execution) ( ).
3 (3 (Cache Inhibit) - .
9 ITR (10 Trap Restart) / SMI.
Pentium, , . , SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing), FRC (Functional Redundancy Checking).
SMP , . SMP , Novell Net Ware, Widows NT, OS/2.