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(. motherboard (MB); . mainboard ) (. 2.9).
. 2.9.
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. 2.10.
.
IBM (International Business Machines) MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter). .
Hercules Hercules Graphic Card. - .
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CGA (Color Graphic Adapter). IBM PC. CGA . . CGA : - . .
1984 EGA (Enhanced Graphic Adapter). . 16- . . . , .
1987 MCGA (Multi-Color Graphic Array) VGA (Video Graphic Array). 256- .
VGA. VGA 256- 320x200. - ( 256 ) . , 256 , ( ). , 320x200 . , IBM PC, , 4:3, , 320x200, 320x240.
VGA 16- 640x480. " ". EGA , , .
. , 800x600, 1024x768 16- , 640x480, 800x600 256 . SuperVGA (SVGA).
24-6 Truevision Targa 24, True Color. . , Apple Macintosh, IBM PC. "" .
. . 32 1600x1200 .
, . (VRAM Video RAM) , . . . .
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, , CGA 16 . . 1, 2, 4, 8 ( 64 ). .
, . . () VESA (Video Electronic Standards Association).
, . , "" "" . , , , . .
, . PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect local bus). PCI , , , , , .
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port). 64 . 66 528 /. . AGP PCI. D- (). AGP- PCI, .
. ( ) , . ( , ), . , , , , , .
. , , Z- ( ), . . , . (). , . . "" . , , , , . (. shaders). .
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. : Matrox ( ), ATI Radeon, NVidia ( ) .
()
, (. Random Access Memory (RAM) ) , ( ). , .
. 2.11.
, (. 2.11). .
(SIMM-) (DIMM-).
. . , . ( ()).
(. central processing unit, CPU) . , , , (. 2.12). .
. 2.12. (CPU) AMD
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, . 16-. 32- 64- .
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, - (. cache). . , . -, . .
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(. hard (magnetic) disk drive, HDD, HMDD) . , , (. 2.13).
. 2.13. ()
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: ( ), ( ) ( ). . .
1971 ., . ( - ).
: ( ), ( ) ( ).
(. floppy disk drive, FDD) , . ( 2.88 ) - (.. ) (USB HDD) .