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, . , . . , .

(. motherboard (MB); . mainboard ) (. 2.9).

 

. 2.9.

 

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- , . , , ;

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. 2.10.

 

.

IBM (International Business Machines) MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter). .

Hercules Hercules Graphic Card. - .

CGA (Color Graphic Adapter). IBM PC. CGA . . CGA : - . .

1984 EGA (Enhanced Graphic Adapter). . 16- . . . , .

1987 MCGA (Multi-Color Graphic Array) VGA (Video Graphic Array). 256- .

VGA. VGA 256- 320x200. - ( 256 ) . , 256 , ( ). , 320x200 . , IBM PC, , 4:3, , 320x200, 320x240.

VGA 16- 640x480. " ". EGA , , .

. , 800x600, 1024x768 16- , 640x480, 800x600 256 . SuperVGA (SVGA).

24-6 Truevision Targa 24, True Color. . , Apple Macintosh, IBM PC. "" .

. . 32 1600x1200 .

, . (VRAM Video RAM) , . . . .

, , CGA 16 . . 1, 2, 4, 8 ( 64 ). .

, . . () VESA (Video Electronic Standards Association).

, . , "" "" . , , , . .

, . PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect local bus). PCI , , , , , .

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port). 64 . 66 528 /. . AGP PCI. D- (). AGP- PCI, .

. ( ) , . ( , ), . , , , , , .

. , , Z- ( ), . . , . (). , . . "" . , , , , . (. shaders). .

. : Matrox ( ), ATI Radeon, NVidia ( ) .

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, (. Random Access Memory (RAM) ) , ( ). , .

. 2.11.

 

, (. 2.11). .

(SIMM-) (DIMM-).

. . , . ( ()).

(. central processing unit, CPU) . , , , (. 2.12). .

. 2.12. (CPU) AMD

 

: , , , , -.

. , . 2- . .

, .

, . 16-. 32- 64- .

( ). .

, . , , (3, 4, 5 ).

, - (. cache). . , . -, . .

(. hard (magnetic) disk drive, HDD, HMDD) . , , (. 2.13).

. 2.13. ()

 

- . , . . . , .

: ( ), ( ) ( ). . .

1971 ., . ( - ).

: ( ), ( ) ( ).

(. floppy disk drive, FDD) , . ( 2.88 ) - (.. ) (USB HDD) .





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