()
:
.
U'=Const ( U , , I).
. 5.
U . , | U'' | > | U' | , U'. 1 2, U'', U. , 2 (U'') , 1 (U'), .. I''> I'. .
|U''| > |U'| Δ''>Δ' ( ), W''<W' ( ).
. 6.
U .
U''= Const, p2=Const ( 1 2). 2, 2 , 1, 1, .. :
.
, I ,
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U (|U''| > |U'|) I' , ..
p1 < p2, .. U'' < U'
( 1 3).
:
. 7. I = Const
I = 0 ( ), |U | , , I = I0 , : 8 7 . .7 I =0 . I0 I , I =0 1- I . U (3- ), : 6 5, , I0, I U (I ). 3- I = 0 ( U 1- ).
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I >0, I''', ( 1 2) 7 8, I0, ( 1), , Ip = αI.
, I = Ip + I0 = αI + I0,
[1] 7,8
[1] 1, .
U (|U''| > |U'|) I ( 1 2 .7). I'''= Const I0 I α ( I), : |U| Δ , W , , æ , α = γæ , α , α @ Const.
3 U =0, , 1 2, .. I = Ip + I0.
I , Ip, . α @ Const, ΔI @ ΔI ( ).
(2- 3- ) 5 6, I5,6, Ip. , 4, 5, 6 I = Ip + I0 I5,6.
( ) I5,6 U, I U .
4 | Ip + I0| > |I5,6|, I >0 ( ), 5 | Ip + I0| = |I5,6|, I =0,
6 | Ip + I0| < |I5,6|, I <0 ( ).
:
. 8. U = Const
I =Const: U, U I ( ).
:
' U ;
.
.
|U|
( 1' 2') Δ , W ,
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U''= Const I.
.. I = αI + I0, I I ( 1 2 I'''=Const),
.. , U = Const, ' U, , I=Const.
. 9.
I = Ip + I0 I5,6.
|U| ( 4' 5', 6') | I5,6| ( I), I .
1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6' 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6' .10.
. 10. U = Const
U = Const : DU DI DI, .. I @ I ( 7', 1', 8' .8, 11).
. 11.
( ) , ( 4 ) .
27)