Poetess, hostess, lioness, actress, waitress, princess, tigress.
IV. Write out examples where “-s” is a lexical suffix?
Customs, traditions, airs, words, works, glasses, arms, pens, lamps, costs, spirits, looks, lamps, colours, tricks.
V. Many nouns of abstract nature can be concretized. Decide what makes them concrete. Think of the shift of meaning. Study examples of the following kind:
Contribution — contributions
Difficulty — difficulties, a difficulty
Translate the following. Сomment on the nouns formed up by “s”.
1. A careful reading of the Prime Minister’s explanations … shows that the anxietie s of the MPs were more than justified.
2. He would go on taking chances.
3. Their own imaginations needed no comment.
4. She wanted to get out of Warmlesley Vale, up into the hills and open spaces.
5. Over the past 20 years there have been considerable improvements.
VI. What is the exact meaning of the plural forms in the following examples?
1. She likes French wines.
2. This shop has a good choice of teas.
3. He is reaching “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”.
4. The country supplies different fruits.
5. He spoke about the sands of the Sahara and the frosts of the Arctic.
VII. Identify the genitives (using transformations if needed).
a) children’s room b) brother’ house
________ education _______ arrival
________ directness _______ arrest
________ tricks _______ report
________ footware _______ passport
c) a mile’s journey
two hours’ delay
a week’s holidays
cat’s manners
dog’s life
SEMINAR 3
VERB
1. Verb as a specific part of speech: semantics, word-building patterns and syntactical functions.
2. Finite and non-finite forms.
3. Grammatical categories of the verb: mood.
4. The category of voice. Types of passive constructions in English.
5. The category of tense.
6. The category of aspect.
7. The category of phase.
Reading material.
1. Бархударов, Л.С. Грамматика английского языка / Л.С. Бархударов, Д.А. Штелинг. – М.: Высшая школа, 1973. – Р. 131-140, 147-160
2. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / М.Я. Блох. – М.: Высшая школа, 1983. – гл. X, XII, XIV–XVII.
3. Иванова, И.П. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка. / И.П. Иванова, В.В. Бурлакова, Г.Г. Почепцов. – М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – P. 46–65, 68–80
Tasks and Exercises.
I. Which verbs are – terminative
– durative
– of double (mixed) character
1. break
2. live
3. see
4. move
5. open
6. kill
7. close
8. love
9. die
10. look
11. cut
12. find
II. What is the main principle of classifying verbs into:
A. notional
b. semi – notional
C. auxiliary
Group the verbs in the following sentences according to this principle.
1. The lesson began.
2. He began reading.
3. You must do it quickly.
4. Do you know this girl?
5. She was in the kitchen.
6. The was the best student in the group.
7. The was reading for a long time.
8. She was tired.
9. She was helped at the exam.
10. He stopped to help his friend.
11. He stopped helping his friend.
12. He was stopped by the police.
13. He looked at the photo.
14. He looked old.
III. Compare the structure and meaning of the following sentences. What aspect of semantics can influence the choice of grammatical form?
1. I have been decorating the room.
2. I have decorated the room.
3. I have been living here all my life.
4. I have lived here all my life.
5. He felt better after he woke.
6. He felt better after had slept.
IV. Mark the sentences in which the paradigmatic aspectual meaning of the verb-form is shifted.
1. He is wasting time.
2. You are being awfully good to me.
3. They are watching TV.
4. He is just being silly.
5. But I am forgetting you: would you like some coffee?
6. He was playing football with his friends.
7. Tarzan was wishing that they might walk on like that for hours.
8. She is knowing too much.
9. She is thinking of emigrating.
V. Identify the meaning of the predicate (active, passive, middle, reflective, reciprocal).
1. The poems don’t translate well.
2. They embraced and kissed.
3. He washed and shaved.
4. He’ll never wash his dirty linen in public.
5. The door opens inside.
6. He gets beaten quite often.
7. He gets letters quite often.
8. They met at midnight.
9. They met a stranger in the street.
10. They dressed quickly and went out.
Seminar 4
Syntax
1. Syntax as a specific sphere of grammar. Types of syntactic relations: coordination, subordination, predication.
2. The main features of a sentence. Means of predication.
3. Functional sentence perspective: theme and rheme.
4. Structural classification of sentences.
5. Communicative types of sentences.
6. Principle and secondary parts of a sentence.
Reading material.
1. Бархударов, Л.С. Грамматика английского языка / Л.С. Бархударов, Д.А. Штелинг. – М.: Высшая школа, 1973. – Р. 23–27, 293, 305.
2. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / М.Я. Блох. – М.: Высшая школа, 1983. – гл. XX, XXI, XXII.
3. Иванова, И.П. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка. / И.П. Иванова, В.В. Бурлакова, Г.Г. Почепцов. – М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – P. 100–124, 131–134, 164–171.
Task and Exercises.
