. :
1 - , ;
n1 - , -1;
u - .
1. ,
[s] , [sF] (. 1 2).
2.
Yb . 3.1. Ybd = 0,5 Yb (U1).
"+" , "-" .
3. ,
KHb . 3.1 Yb, 1 2. , . 1, 2.
Ybd , Ybd, Yb.
3.1
Yb.
( ) | ||
0,315...0,5 | 0,25...0,4 | 0,2...0,25 |
. Yb HRC > 45.
Yb 20...30%.
Yb = 0,1...0,2.
|
|
. 3.1. ( ) () KHb
3.2
( 1- )
, | |
1- | 1; 1,25; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 25 |
2- | 1,125; 1,375; 1,75; 2,25; 2,75; 3,5; 4,5; 5,5; 7; 9; 11; 14; 18; 22 |
4.
+ , - . = 50 1/3
HV . HV = 1,1.
5. b2 = Yb × .
b . 2...5 .
6. : m = (0,01...0,02) × a.
. 3.2. m³1,5 .
7. .
. - .
|
|
Zmin = 17.
8. Z2 = Z1×U. .
9. Z2 / Z1 = U.
10. ( ) d1 = mZ1; d2 = mZ2.
11. , .
- . .
12. /.
13. (. 3.3).
14. () .
15. HV. (. 6.1).
16. .
- .
3.3
, / | |||
- | - | ||
() | , , .. | ||
() | . | ||
(. ) | , . | ||
( ) | 3,5 |
3.4
YF
Z ZV | |||||||||||
4,25 | 4,07 | 3,90 | 3,79 | 3,70 | 3,65 | 3,62 | 3,61 | 3,60 | 3,60 | 3,60 | 3,63 |
ZH = 1,77 - , ;
Z = 175 ½ ( ) , ;
Ze = 1 - , ;
wHt - .
5%, . , .
17. KFb . 3.2. , . 3.1 (. . 3.3).
18. KFV . 6.2.
|
|
. 3.2. KFb
19. () ,
F , ; . 3.4.
.
[sF]1/F1, [sF]2/F2. F [sF] , [sF] /F;
wFt
|
|
.
, sF [sF] , , .
5%, . , .
20. . (. 7).