The Present Perfect Continuous(Progressive)Tense
Образование. The Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Present Perfect (have been, has been)и формы причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) смыслового глагола: I have been working, he has been working, we have been working.
В вопросительной форме первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Have I been working? Has he been working? Have we been working?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not,которая ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола: I have not been working, he has not been working, we have not been working.
Употребление the Present Perfect Continuous(Progressive)Tense.
1. Действия, начавшиеся в прошлом и продолжающиеся до настоящего момента. Период времени, в течение которого совершается действие, может обозначаться предлогами for в течение, since начиная с, вопросительными словами how long как долго, since when с какого времени и т. д. В этом значении the Present Perfect Continuous Tense переводится на русский язык настоящим временем.
| I have been reading the newspaper since five o’clock.
I have been watching TV for 2 hours.
How long have you been playing football?
| Я читаю газету с пяти часов.
Я смотрю телевизор уже 2 часа.
Сколько времени ты играешь в футбол?
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2. Прошлые действия определенной продолжительности, имеющие видимые результаты или последствия в настоящем. В таких случаях глагол переводится прошедшим временем несовершенного вида.
| She ’s been crying. (Her eyes are red).
| Она плакала. (У нее красные глаза.)
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3. Для выражения гнева, раздражения, возмущения или критики.
| Who has been drinking from my cup?
| Кто пил из моей чашки?
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4. В обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях условия и времени, которые вводятся союзами if если, unless если … не, provided that при условии если, when когда, until, till до тех пор, пока не, as soon as как только, as long as пока, before прежде чем и т. д. для описания будущих действий вместо theFuture Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense. См. будущие времена. Придаточные предложения времени и условия.
| If he has been working at that company for three years, he will get a promotion.
| Если он проработает в этой компании 3 года, его повысят.
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EXERCISES
| Exercise 1.
| Give the correct form of the Present Perfect Continuous sentences.
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| 1.
| I ____ (study) English since I was a child.
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| 2.
| Pat ____ (live) here for twenty-five years.
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| 3.
| They ____ (watch) football since three o’clock.
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| 4.
| I ____ (work) here since I was eighteen.
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| 5.
| John ____ (look) for a job since he finished university.
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| 6.
| Prices ____ (go up) very fast recently.
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| 7.
| I ____ (work) really hard lately.
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| 8.
| He ____ (write) a book about wind-surfing.
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| 9.
| We ____ (walk) for hours and I need a rest.
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| 10.
| It __ (rain) for two hours.
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| Exercise 2.
| Make the following sentences negative.
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| 1.
| I’ve been trying to call him for twenty minutes.
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| 2.
| She has been dancing all evening.
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| 3.
| David has been polishing his car for two hours.
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| 4.
| My parents have been shopping for three hours.
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| 5.
| Mr. Smith has been teaching at oxford for the last ten years.
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| 6.
| Elena and I have been working in the library since morning.
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| Exercise 3.
| Write a question for each situation.
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| Model:
| You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you.
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| You ask: (you / wait / long?) Have you been waiting long?
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| 1.
| Your friend’s sister works in London. You ask: (how long / she / work / there?)
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| 2.
| Your friend looks very tired. You ask: (you / work hard / today?)
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| 3.
| You meet Mary with her little son in the street. His face and hands are very dirty. You ask: (what / he / do?)
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| 4.
| A friend tells you about his job – he sells phones. You ask: (how long / you / sell / phones?)
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| 5.
| You meet Frank as he is leaving the swimming pool. You ask: (you / swim?)
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| 6.
| Melanie rang somebody forty minutes ago, and they’re still on the phone. You ask: (who / you / speak with?)
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| 7.
| Dina has got an interesting book. She started it quite a long time ago. You ask: (how long / you / read / this book?)
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| 8.
| You see a little girl. Her eyes are red and watery. You ask: (you / cry?)
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| Exercise 4.
| Make the Present Perfect Continuous sentences. Use foror since.
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| Model:
| Jack started learning French in October. Now it’s April. (for)
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| Jack has been learning French for six months.
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| 1.
| We started driving at five o’clock. Now it’s nine o’clock. (for)
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| 2.
| It started raining on Friday. It’s still raining. (since)
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| 3.
| Tim began watching television in the morning. It’s evening now. (since)
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| 4.
| Dora began playing tennis when she was eight. Now she’s 14. (for)
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| 5.
| We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting 20 minutes ago. (for)
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| 6.
| Sally is working in London. She started working there on 10 November. (since)
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| 7.
| Jason got to the office at 8.00 this morning. Ten hours later he’s still there. (for)
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| 8.
| I’m learning Spanish. I started classes in December. (since)
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| Exercise 5.
| What could you say in these situations? Write sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous.
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| Model:
| It’s raining. The rain started two hours ago. It’s been raining for two hours.
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| 1.
| A video is on. It began two hours ago, and it hasn’t finished yet.
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| 2.
| Our friends always spend their holidays in Bulgaria. They started going there five years ago.
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| 3.
| Ann and I arranged to meet at the theater at 7.00 p.m. I arrived on time but I’m still waiting for Ann to arrive.
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| 4.
| I hate this weather! It started raining last week and it’s still raining.
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| 5.
| A year ago. Laura and I started building our own house. We’re still doing it.
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| 6.
| Emma felt sick at lunchtime today and she is still feeling sick.
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| 7.
| Children are tired. They started walking three hours ago and they’re still walking.
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| 8.
| Denis went into the water an hour ago. He doesn’t want to come out yet.
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| Exercise 6.
| Correct the mistakes where necessary.
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| 1.
| How long are Tom and Pat working here?
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| 2.
| I’m waiting for him since morning.
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| 3.
| She’s been working here for 1998.
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| 4.
| Rachel has played music all day.
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| 5.
| It have been snowing for the last two days.
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| 6.
| How many have you been studying physics?
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| 7.
| We’ve been waitinghere since twenty minutes.
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| 8.
| We have been driving for about six hours.
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| 9.
| Martha plays the piano since she was four.
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| 10.
| I have been sitting in this office till 9.00.
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| Exercise 7.
| A. Put in the verbs from the table. Use the Present Perfect Continuous.
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| do
| help
| study
| get
| try
| waiting
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| Andrew:
Mike:
Andrew:
Mike:
Andrew:
Mike:
| Sorry I’m late.
It’s OK. I 1.____ not ____ long. What 2.____ you ____?
I’ve been with Mr. Brown. He 3.____ me with my English.
Your English is very good. You don’t need lessons, surely. How long 4.____ you ____ English?
Mm, nine years now. But my pronunciation wasn’t so good before I came to England. I 5.____ to improve it. I think it 6.____ better lately.
Your pronunciation is fine, Andrew. Honestly.
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| B. Write some sentences how Andrew’s been making progress in English.
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| C. And what about you? How long have you been studying English? Write a short summary.
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| Exercise 8.
| Imagine that your flat is topsy-turvy after your younger brother friends’ visit. Your mother has just come home. What would she say?
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| Model:
| Who has been painting my shoes?
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| Has the dog been chewing my slippers?
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| Exercise 9.
| Work in pairs. Do a small drawing to show something that you do regularly, and how long or since what time you have been doing it. Show it to your group mate and see if he / she can interpret your drawing.
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| Model:
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SA: You’ve been playing volleyball for ten years.
SB: Sorry. But you are partially wrong. I’ve been playing volleyball since I was ten.
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