Interrogative,Conjunctive and Relative Pronouns
who ( whom , ), what , , whose , which . .
who / whom, what, whose, which, that , , , .
who, whose, which, that . , .
Who translated this article? | ? |
Whose research is that? | ? |
Whom will you deliver your lecture to? | ? |
What has happened? | ? |
What are the mineral resources of the country? | ? |
What help will you give us? | ? |
Which of the articles interests you most? | () ? |
The student who translated this article | , |
The scientist whose research is mentioned | , |
The students to whom you will deliver your lecture | , |
Nobody knows what has happened. | , . |
Experts did not know what the mineral resources of this country were. | , . |
I will give you what help I can. | , . |
The task which the students carried out | , |
He was the greatest scientist that the world has ever known. | , - . |
Exercise 19. | Analyze the pronoun in bold type and state whether they are conjunctive, relative or interrogative. |
1. | He turned from his work to see who was there. |
2. | Nothing she had done that morning was worth the time that she had spent on it. |
3. | Who could have thought that they would do it like that? |
4. | My group mate whom I met two days ago was very upset. |
5. | What time did she go off duty last night? |
6. | The painting that has been bought is very expensive. |
7. | Still it would be better to have some idea what he was going back to. |
8. | I remember you mentioned Wednesday and Friday. Which day shall we make it then? |
9. | The book which she gave me is very interesting. |
10. | He felt like one whose dream has come true, but too late. |
Exercise 20. | Fill in the most appropriate pronoun. |
1. | The man ____ was wearing a grey suit appeared to be Nicks uncle. |
2. | ____ of these T-shirts is of a medium size? |
3. | The car ____ has been repaired is a unique one. |
4. | A boy ____ mother is wearing a red dress is editors-in-chief son. |
5. | The book ____ she gave me is rather boring. |
6. | My former group mate ____ I saw yesterday entered Oxford University. |
7. | ____ is responsible for the second part of the article? |
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Universal Pronouns
All
all , , , . , all .
All , :
All flowers need water. | . |
All is well that ends well. | , . |
That is all that she asked me. | , . |
( ) the whole (of)
All day = the whole day
All Russia = the whole Russia
Exercise 21. | Put allin the most appropriate space in each sentence. |
1. | I am happy to announce that ____ of you ____ have completed this course. |
2. | ____ the scientists ____ took part in the conference. |
3. | This is the movie we ____ have ____ been waiting for so long. |
4. | Ive been waiting for him ____ my ____ life. |
5. | ____ that ____ you need to know is in this folder. |
6. | ____ we ____ have to work intensively to get a promotion. |
7. | ____ his ____ family pictures were removed to the museum. |
Exercise 22. | Underline the correct or the most likely alternative form. |
1. | Cricket, golf and football, all of them / whole are very popular in Britain. |
2. | All of the / The whole countries in Europe took part in this conference. |
3. | He must be very frustrated. He was criticized all the / the whole meeting. |
4. | All the / The whole vacation lasts three weeks. |
5. | The goes cycling all the / the whole year round. |
6. | All the / The whole food in the restaurant was poisoned. |
Both
both , , , the, . both. both , , :
Both (the) sisters live in Minsk. | . |
Both my sons are married. | . |
Both these buildings were built after the war. | . |
You have given me two examples; both are correct. | ; . |
Every, each
every, each . each , every . Each , , every .
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Every student is tested twice a year. | . |
We greeted each guest. | . (, .) |
We greeted every guest. | . ( , .) |
every body, one, thing, everybody, everyone , , everything .
Everybody knows it. | . |
Everything is hopeless. | . |
Exercise 23. | Fill in each, every, everybody (one)oreverythingaccording to sense. |
1. | ____ ought to obey parents. This is our duty. |
2. | All right, Mary. Now ____ is clear. |
3. | ____ student has to pass all the exams to get a diploma. |
4. | We congratulated ____ student on successful graduation. |
5. | There are no losers in this competition. ____ participant gets a prize. |
6. | I play tennis for an hour ____ day. |
7. | ____ of you should be present at the meeting on Monday. |
8. | ____ was very happy to be at her party. |
Exercise 24. | Complete the dialogue. Put in everyor each. Sometimes both are possible. |
Kate: | Its a lot bigger than your last apartment, isnt it? Did you say there are four people living here? |
Ann: | Yes, and we ____ have our own bathroom. |
Kate: | Does ____ person pay a quarter of the rent? |
Ann: | Thats right. On the seventh of ____ month. |
Kate: | It must be great for meeting friends. |
Ann: | Yes, it is. We dont have one ____ week, but almost! |
Kate: | Isnt that rather expensive? |
Ann: | Not if ____ guest brings something to eat or drink! Anyway, therell be no more parties until our exams are over. |
Either, neither
either :
1) , , :
You may go by either road. | ( ). |
2) , , :
There was a huge fireplace at either end of the hall. | ( ) . |
3) , , ( ):
Take either pen (either of these pens). | ( ). |
neither , , either:
Neither of the examples is correct. | , |
Exercise 25. | Translate the sentences into Russian. |
1. | Neither of us felt like going there. |
2. | Either you apologize, or Ill never speak to you again. |
3. | Most of the songs were either in Italian or in French. |
4. | Has anyone stayed in either of these places? |
5. | Is he American or Canadian. I dont know. He speaks English, so he could be either. |
6. | Which of the two jackets do you prefer? As a matter of fact, I dont like either of them. |
7. | The adjective neither means not one or the other of two. |
Exercise 26. | Fill in eitherorneither. |
1. | I was expecting you ____ today or tomorrow. |
2. | We can meet ____ at six or at seven. |
3. | Nelly has two friends. ____ is in town now. |
4. | The weather is ____ cold nor warm today. |
5. | Which one do you want? I dont want ____. |
6. | There was no sound from ____ of the flats. |
7. | She ____ drinks, smokes, nor eats meat. |
8. | In ____ case the answer is the same. |
9. | They may be ____ here or there. |
Other, another
other (another) , . another ( ), :
The building is on the other side of the road. | . |
Give me another example. | . |
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Exercise 27. | Choose the correct pronoun. |
1. | Would you like another / other cup of tea? |
2. | Can I have another / other chair? |
3. | Id like to buy a few another / other books. |
4. | I want to get another / other glass of tomato juice. |
5. | I see one of your friends. Where is the other / another one? |
6. | He is another / other candidate for this job. |
7. | Jack reads The New York Times daily. He doesnt read any other / another newspapers. |
8. | I will finish my work soon. I need another / other ten minutes. |
Exercise 28. | Complete the sentences with otheroranother. |
1. | I lost my watch, my pen and some ____ things. |
2. | I must put on ____ dress before going to the party. |
3. | Where shall we be in ____ ten years, I mean ten years from now? |
4. | I didnt want to join them for a picnic; I had ____ fish to fry. |
5. | This young man is very clever; he may be ____ Edison. |
6. | Will you have ____ cup of tea? |
7. | I dont like these jeans. Have you got any other ones in ____ size? |
8. | I can see only one glove on the shelf. Where is ____? |
9. | Where are ____ photos which you wanted to show to me? |
10. | Fanny lives on ____ side of the street. |
11. | This curtain material is cheap; on the ____ hand the quality is poor. |
Exercise 29. | Complete the dialogues with otheroranother. |
1. | Waiter, this chicken has one leg shorter than ____. So what? You are not going to dance with it, are you? |
2. | I was only in love once and that love had an unhappy ending. Did she marry ____ man? No, she married me. |
3. | Why is your car painted blue on one side and red on ____? Its a great scheme. You should hear the witnesses contradicting each other. |
4. | Kelly, why are you crying? I lost my pen. I promise to buy you ____ one. |
Exercise 30. | Reproduce the following dialogues using the given words. |
1. | Shall ____ take the table out into the garden? |
Yes, please. And the chairs, too. | |
Right. Where shall I put ____. | |
Oh ____. Ill bring the tea. | |
Prompts: anywhere, I, them. | |
2. | Excuse me, could you tell ____ where Paddington Station is? |
Im sorry, ____ cant. Im a stranger here ____. | |
Prompts: I, me, myself. | |
3. | By the way, I quite forgot to tell ____ that Ive visited the zoo. |
Oh? When did you go there? | |
I went there last Saturday afternoon with a girlfriend. We ____ enjoyed it very much. | |
I havent been to the zoo since last summer, but ____ hasnt changed much, I imagine. | |
Prompts: both, it, you. | |
4. | We havent bought the new furniture for Roberts room yet. |
No. If ____ is going to use ____ as a study as well as a bedroom, he must have ____ extra things. | |
Prompts: a few, it, he | |
5. | Has there been an accident? |
As you see. | |
Can ____ see your driving license and insurance certificate? | |
Here ____ are. | |
(pointing to the other driver) Do you want to charge ____ person with dangerous driving? | |
Well weve exchanged particulars. ____ our cars are damaged a bit. | |
Prompts: I, this, both, you | |
6. | It s Peters birthday the day after tomorrow. Ive had a new suit made for ____ to wear at ____party. |
Are ____ going to have a lot of his friends here, Nora? | |
Oh, yes, didnt I tell you? | |
Are you going to cook ____ the cakes and things ____? | |
Some of them And the rest Ill have done by a shop. | |
Prompts: we, him, his, yourself, all, some. |
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(The Verb)
, , .
My brother works at a factory. I wrote several letters yesterday. | . . |
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:
a) (Simple Verbs), : to go , to play ;
b) (Derived Verbs), : to mis take , to beauti fy;
c) (Compound Verbs), , : to whitewash , to fulfil ;
d) (Phrasal Verbs), , : to go in, to go out, to go away.
, , - .
(Notional Verbs) :
She lives in London. | . |
(Auxiliary Verbs) . : to be, to have, to do, shall (should), will (would).
She is working in the library. I have written a letter to my friend. I dont understand what you mean. He will be busy tomorrow. | . . , . . |
-(Link Verbs) ( , , , ). - to be . , : to become, to get, to grow, to turn ( ), to look like ( , ) .
He is a student. My coat got wet. His face turned white. | . . . |
(Modal Verbs), , . : can , , may , , must , - , need , ought to - , - .
I can help you. She must do it at once. You ought to come in time. | . . . |
(to be, to have, to do) , , , -.
( ) (Finite Forms) (Non-Finite Forms) .
, , , , . .
(the Infinitive), (the Gerund) (Present Participle, Past Participle) , . , .
:
1) ;
2) .
(Dynamic Verbs) , (to eat , to run , to write , to burn .).
(Stative Verbs) . :
a) : to adore , to admire , to care , to dislike , to fear , to hate , to like , to love .;
b) : to believe , to forget , to know , to realize , to remember , to suppose , to think , to understand .;
c) : to feel , to hear , to see , , to smell , to taste .
d) to apply , to belong , to contain , to depend , to include , to involve , to lack , to matter , to need ( -.), to possess .
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(T ransitive verbs ) , , - , (to write a letter , to read a newspaper ).
(I ntransitive verbs ) , , , . . (t shine , t sleep , to go , to remain .).
() thePast Simple (Indefinite) Tense (PastParticiple) (Regular Verbs) (Irregular Verbs).
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