Indefinite Pronouns
Местоимения some, any, no и их производные
| Some, any, no | + thing | + body | + one | + where | |
| Утвердительные предложения | some некоторый, какой-то, какой-нибудь, несколько | something что-то, что-нибудь | somebody someone кто-то, кто-нибудь | somewhere где-то, где-нибудь, куда-то, куда-нибудь | |
| any всякий, любой | anything всё | anybody anyone всякий, все | anywhere везде, повсюду | ||
| Вопросительные предложения | any какой-нибудь | anything что-то, что-нибудь | anybody anyone кто-то, кто-нибудь | anywhere где-то, где-нибудь, куда-то, куда-нибудь | |
| Отрицательные предложения | no = not … any никакой, ни один | nothing = not … anything ничто, ничего | nobody = not … anybody no one none никто | nowhere = not … anywhere нигде, никуда |
| She asked me some questions. | Она задала мне несколько вопросов. |
| Have you got any interesting books? | У тебя есть какие-нибудь интересные книги? |
| Somebody has taken my pen. | Кто-то взял мою ручку. |
| There isn’t anything on the table. | На столе ничего нет. |
| Exercise 12. | Underline the correct item. |
| Model: | Give me some /any hot water, please. Have you bought some/ any milk? |
| 1. | I hardly know somebody / anybody here. |
| 2. | You can buy postcards at any / no post office. |
| 3. | Among all the people who came to the party she cared for anybody / nobody. |
| 4. | It was a great concert. Everybody / somebody enjoyed it. |
| 5. | Have they got any / some objections to our proposal? |
| 6. | Some / every day he will achieve great success. |
| 7. | Somebody / everybody who went to Egypt spent a good time. |
| 8. | Are you going anywhere / nowhere these summer holidays? |
| 9. | I want to go somewhere / anywhere but I don’t have no/any money. |
| Exercise 13. | Fill in anyone / anybody, any, anything, no one / nobody, something, some, someone / somebody. |
| Model: | Are there any extra chairs in the other classroom? |
| 1. | The chairman didn’t get suggestions from ____ in the audience. |
| 2. | I didn’t have ____ trouble with my report last night. |
| 3. | Did you see ____in the hall outside the office? |
| 4. | The secretary is speaking to ____ on the phone now. |
| 5. | He didn’t say ____ to the boss about his plans. |
| 6. | The girls didn’t buy ____ at the store today. |
| 7. | ____ knows a thing about this except you and me. |
| 8. | There’s ____ for you on the desk in your room. |
| 9. | There will be ____ in the office before 9 a.m. |
| 10. | The children are eating ____ ice-cream in the kitchen. |
| Exercise 14. | Correct the mistakes in the sentences if it’s necessary. |
| 1. | Someone left the door open. |
| 2. | Did someone ring me up? |
| 3. | Did anyone come here while I was out? |
| 4. | I don’t have no milk left. Go and buy some. |
| 5. | Have you spoken to somebody about it? |
| 6. | What would you like: apple or banana? – Oh, some will do. It doesn’t really matter. |
| 7. | We didn’t meet anybody in the corridor. |
| 8. | I don’t need someone’s help. I’m a self – sufficient person. |
| 9. | In winter there are some flowers in the street. |
Much, many, few, little
Местоимения many и much имеют значение много, few и little имеют значение мало. Many и few употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными, much и little употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными, например, с названиями веществ и абстрактными понятиями:
| many books | много книг |
| few books | мало книг |
| much iron | много железа |
| little iron | мало железа |
Many и much обычно употребляются в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях. В утвердительных предложениях они употребляются главным образом со словами very, too, so:
| I could not permit him to take so much labour upon himself. | Я не мог допустить, чтобы он взял на себя такой большой труд. |
В утвердительных предложениях в значении many употребляются такие выражения: a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), a (large, great) number (of); в значении much – a lot (of), a (large, great) quantity (of), a good (great) deal (of):
| There seemed a good deal of luggage when we put it all together. | Багажа оказалось много, когда мы его сложили весь вместе. |
A few, a little несколько, немного обозначают наличие небольшого количества, т. е. имеют положительное значение, в то время как few, little мало, немного подчеркивают недостаточность количества, т. е. имеют отрицательное значение:
| There is a little milk. | Есть немного молока. |
| There is little milk. | Молока мало. |
| She has a few friends. | У неё есть несколько друзей. |
| She has few friends. | У неё мало друзей. |
| Exercise 15. | Fill in much, many. |
| Model: | That program has much advertising and many interruptions. |
| 1. | That work took ____time. It was ____trouble for us. |
| 2. | You drank too ____ coffee and eat too ____ sandwiches last night. |
| 3. | Frank receives ____ e-mails from his friends and relatives. |
| 4. | You didn’t invite very ____ guests. |
| 5. | The waitress put too ____ cream and sugar in my coffee. |
| 6. | The students had ____ difficulties with the translation. |
| 7. | The radio is very loud now. It is making ____ noise. |
| 8. | He spoke too fast and used too ____ hard words for me. |
| Exercise 16. | Fill in few, a few, little, a little. |
| Model: | Would you like a little milk in your tea? And, please, have a few sweets, too. |
| 1. | I have ____ time, so let’s go for walk. |
| 2. | I don’t think she is a good teacher, she has got ____ patience. |
| 3. | ____ can afford to buy house abroad. |
| 4. | ____ people can play golf perfectly. |
| 5. | He went to ____ parties and enjoyed all of them. |
| 6. | She made ____ corrections to my business plan. |
| 7. | Did you have a chance to say ____ words to the boss before the meeting? |
| 8. | His ideas are very complex, and ____ people can understand them. |
| 9. | ____ knowledge is a dangerous thing. |
One
Местоимение one выражает неопределенное лицо и употребляется в качестве подлежащего в неопределенно-личных или безличных предложениях:
| One never knows what may happen. | Никогда не знаешь, что может случиться. |
| One should do it. | Следует это сделать. |
| One should not neglect one ’ s duty. | Не следует пренебрегать своими обязанностями. |
Слово-заместитель one употребляется вместо ранее упомянутого существительного, чтобы избежать повторения. Перед ним может стоять артикль, оно может употребляться в форме множественного числа:
| Which pencils will you take? – Theredones. | Какие карандаши вы возьмете? – Красные (карандаши). |
| Exercise 17. | Supply one, ones. Think where these pronouns can be omitted. |
| 1. | Which trousers would you like to try on? – The ____ which are on the mannequin. |
| 2. | Which trainers fit you the best? – The red ____. |
| 3. | ____ never expects that a miracle can happen. |
| 4. | Pass me the glass, please. – Which ____? |
| 5. | ____ should think twice. |
| 6. | I’d like to order one of the salads from the menu. – This ____ or that ____? |
| 7. | I’d like to buy the book about databases. – The ____ you need is out of stock right now. |
| 8. | ____ shouldn’t forget ____ responsibility inside the family. |
| Exercise 18. | Rewrite the sentences in brackets so that the noun is not repeated. Use oneor ones. |
| Model: | These plates are nice. Each one is hand-painted. (Each plate is hand-painted.) |
| 1. | I need to fill in a form about my academic progress, but ____ (I haven’t got a form.) |
| 2. | I’ve watched all these films. ____ (I must get some new films.) |
| 3. | These workbooks are very useful. ____ (Have you seen this workbook?) |
| 4. | I need a dinner-jacket for the party, so ____ (I’ve hired a dinner-jacket.) |
| 5. | Those trousers are horrible ____ (Can’t you find any nice trousers?) |
| 6. | This GPS-navigator on your mobile phone isn’t very good____ (The navigator in the car is better. |
