Настоящее продолженное время

Present Continuous Tense

Обозначает:

1. Действие происходит в момент речи, сейчас.

Now, at the moment

It is raining now.

- What is she doing? – She is cooking dinner at the moment.

2. Действие происходит хоть и не в данный момент, но вокруг этого момента или в ограниченный период времени (contemporary actions).

This (week, month, year…), today

Don’t take the book! I’m reading it.

He is writing a new book this month.

3. Запланированное действие в будущем (договоренность)

Today, tonight, next (week, month, year…)

I’m meeting Jane after work today.

4. Действие, которое происходит постоянно и имеет негативную эмоциональную окраску.

Always, constantly

I’m always losing my glasses. (Вечно я теряю свои очки!)

 

Образуется:

+ (be) + ing

1. Немая –e отбрасывается

Take – taking

Но: see – seeing

2. Для сохранения краткого чтения корневой гласной конечная согласная удваивается

sit – sitting

3. Сочетание ie в корне стягивается в y

Lie – lying

Утвердительная форма

		ing
I You He She It We You They	am are is is is are are are	reading playing writing having breakfast snowing doing watching working	a detective story. with a ball. a letter. now. in London. morning exercises with our children. a TV program. in the garden now.

 

 

Общий вопрос

		ing
Am Are Is Is Is Are Are Are	I you he she it we you they	reading playing writing having breakfast snowing doing watching working	a detective story? with a ball? a letter? now? in London? morning exercises with our children? a TV program? in the garden now?

 

Краткий утвердительный ответ

Yes,	I he she it we you they	am. is. is. is. are. are. are.

 

Краткий отрицательный ответ

No,	I   he she it   we you they	am     is   are	(I’m not)     not. (isn’t)   (aren’t)

 

Специальные вопросы

What What What What Where What What Where	am are is is is are are are	I you he she it we you they	reading? playing with? writing? doing? snowing doing? watching? working	now?     now?

 

Глаголы, не употребляющиеся в продолженном времени

Stative Verbs

Глаголы, обозначающие состояние, чувства, восприятие, а не активные действия, не имеют –ing формы. Поэтому в таких случаях вместо Present Continuous употребляется Present Simple Tense.

1. Глаголы мысли (Verbs of thinking and opinions)

Believe

Agree

Mean

Think

Doubt

Imagine

Understand

Know

Realize

Suppose

Remember

Deserve

Expect

Forget

Prefer

2. Глаголы эмоций и чувств (Verbs of emotions and feeling)

Like

Love

Hate

Care

Hope

Wish

Want

Admit

3. Глаголы обладания и состояния (Verbs of having and being)

Belong

Own

Have

Possess

Contain

Cost

Seem

Need

Depend on

Weigh

Come from

Resemble

Appear

4. Глаголы чувств (Verbs of the senses)

Look

Hear

Taste

Smell

Feel

See

 

Обратите внимание на глаголы, которые меняют свое значение в зависимости от формы:

Think

I think it’s a very interesting book. (= я так думаю, считаю, мое мнение)

He’s thinking about buying a new car. (= обдумывает)

See

I see him every day. (= вижу,)

I’m seeing him tomorrow. (= увижусь, встречаюсь)

Smell

This perfume smells nice. (= пахнет, имеет приятный запах)

She is smelling the perfume. (= нюхает)

Taste

The cake tastes delicious. (= имеет вкус)

He’s tasting the cake. (= пробовать на вкус)

Look

He looks great in his new suit. (= выглядеть)

He is looking at his new colleague. (= смотреть, разглядывать)

Feel

He feels tired. (= чувствует себя)

This material feels soft. (= мягкий на ощупь)

She is feeling this material. (= трогает)

Have

We have a car. (= у нас есть)

We are having dinner. (= обедаем – устойчивое выражение)

Упражнение 17

Поставьте следующие глаголы в –ing форму

1.do, 2.take, 3.clean, 4.think, 5.run, 6.play, 7.work, 8.type, 9.write, 10.listen, 11.watch, 12.speak, 13.enjoy, 14.read

 

Упражнение 18

Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы

Пример: John … (listen) to music. – (read a book)

Is John listening to music? – No, he isn’t. He is reading a book.

1. Sally … (play) tennis. – (watch TV). 2. Mary … (have breakfast). – (cook breakfast). 3. Piter … (play) tennis. – (play the piano). 4. Helen … (write) a letter. – (work in the garden). 5. Gary … (wash the car). – (ride a bicycle).

Упражнение 19

Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму Present Simple или Present Continuous

1. This … (be) my friend Tom. He … (study) at university. In summer he … (work) as a barman. Now he … (prepare) to his exam.

2. My sister …(be) very sociable. She … (like) to meet new people.

3. She … (be) talkative. She always … (talk) on the phone!

4. I … (go) to the party this Saturdays. You … (go) there?

5. What you … (do)? – I … (have lunch).

6. What time you usually … (have breakfast)? – I usually … (not have) breakfast.

7. We … (leave) for Thailand next Friday. We … (stay) at a hotel near the ocean for a week.

8. I … (want) to buy a new car, but I … (not know) what to choose.

9. You … (understand) … what he … (say) to you now?

10. Where … (be) they? They … (play football).

 

Глагол have / have got

(иметь, обладать)

 

I, you, we, they have (have got)

He, she, it has (has got)

Have = have got, has = has got – только для настоящего времени. Во всех других временах только форма have (has).

I have got two sisters. = I have two sisters.

She has got blond hair. = She has blond hair.

Have (has) got – имеет более неофициальный характер, чаще употребляется в разговорной речи (more informal).

Have (has) – употребляется чаще в официальном, письменном языке (more formal) и Американском английском.

 

Have got	Have
1. I have got a lot of money. Have I got much money? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. How much money have you got? 2. He has got a dog. Has he got a dog? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Who has got a dog?	1. I have a lot of money. Do I have much money? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. How much money do you have? 2. He has a dog. Does he have a dog? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Who has a dog?

 

 

Выражения с have

 

Have 1.breakfast

2.a cup of tea

3.a cigarette

4.a break

5.a bath

6.a shower

7.a share

8.a rest

9.a swim

10.a good time

11.a party

12.a holiday

13.a chat

14.a row

15.a bad dream

16.a look at something

17.a word with someone

 

Упражнение 20

Подберите к данным устойчивым выражениям с have эквиваленты в русском языке.

Упражнение 21

Скажите, что у кого есть

1. Ann: a dog, a computer, a dress, a bag.

2. John: a brother, a lot of friends, a briefcase.

3. Mike and Helen: a son, a house, free time.

4. I and Andrew: a daughter, a flat, a car.

Упражнение 22

Поставьте предложения в Упражнении 1 в вопросительную и отрицательную форму.

 

Упражнение 23

Напишите 10-15 предложений. Скажите, что есть и чего нет у вас.

 

 

Numbers (числа)

Numeral (числительное)

Перед десятками (после сотен) говорим and:

783 – seven hundred and eighty-three

408 – four hundred and eight

2 005 – two thousand and five

334 000 – three hundred and thirty-four thousand

15 804 – fifteen thousand, eight hundred and four

118 307 – one hundred and eighteen thousand, three hundred and seven

1 225 373 – a (one) million two hundred and twenty-five thousand, three hundred and seventy-five

1 000 000 000 – a (one) milliard (in UK), a (one) billion (in US)

 

Decimal Fraction

(десятичная дробь)

 

0.01 – naught point oh one

32.305 – thirty two point three oh five

 

Common Fraction

(простая дробь)

 

Числитель – количественное числительное, знаменатель – порядковое. Если числитель больше 1, то к знаменателю прибавляется –s.

1 ½ - one and a half

2/5 –two fifths

¼ - a (one) quarter; a (one) fourth

¾ km – three quarters of a kilometer

2 ½ tons – two and a half tons = two tons and a half

 

Проценты

2% - two per cent (2 p. c.) (UK), two percent (US)

3/8% - three eights of one per cent

½% - a half per cent (half of one per cent)

0.2% - naught point two per cent

 

 

Saying years (года)

 

1993 – nineteen ninety-three

1899 – eighteen ninety-nine

1900 – nineteen hundred

1905 – nineteen oh five (nineteen hundred and five)

2001 – two thousand and one

 

Money

(деньги, денежные суммы)

Great Britain	USA
£ 1 – a (one) pound (sterling) £ 25 – twenty-five pounds 1 s. – one shilling (1/20 фунта) 12 s. – twelve shillings 50 p. – fifty pence (p. - [pi:] (penny) £ 1.99 – one pound ninety-nine	$ 1 – one (a) dollar $ 25 – twenty-five dollars 1 ¢ - one cent (1/100 доллара) 65 ¢ - sixty-five cents $ 25.01 – twenty-five dollars and one cent $ 3350.55 – three thousand three hundred and fifty dollars and fifty-five cents

Упражнение 24

Напишите следующие числа словами

1).1375 –

2).10000 –

3).0.25 –

4).125300 –

5).1½ -

6).3/5 –

7).589 –

 

Упражнение 25

Напишите года словами

1).1990 –

2).2005 –

3).1981 –

4).1876 –

5).1245 –

6).1700 –

 

Упражнение 26

Скажите, что сколько стоит.

Пример: a book

How much does the book cost? It is 3 £.

1.a dress, 2.a car, 3.a bicycle, 4.flowers, 5.a pen, 6.a TV set, 7.a computer.