1. Who is this document for?
a) machine operatives
b) managers
c) all employees
d) injured employees
2. Who wrote this document?
a) trade union representative
b) technician
c) manager
d) medical staff
3. What is the writer’s intention?
a) to prevent accidents
b) to ensure speedy help for injured employees
c) to protect the company
d) to warn about dangers
Language study
Making safety rules
What are the differences in meaning, if any, between these statements?
1. Wear protective clothing.
2. Always wear protective clothing.
3. Protective clothing must be worn.
We can make safety rules in these ways:
1. Using an imperative.
Wear protective clothing
Do not wear loose-fitting clothing.
2. Always /never are used to emphasize that the rule holds in all cases.
Wear protective clothing.
Never wear loose-fitting clothing.
We can use a modal verb for emphasis.
Protective clothing must be worn.
Protective clothing should be worn.
Study this list of unsafe environmental conditions (hazards). Write safety rules to limit these hazards using the methods given above. For example: inadequate lighting.
Lighting must be adequate or
Lighting should be adequate.
uneven floors
unguarded machinery
untidy workbenches
untidy workplaces
badly maintained machinery
carelessly stored dangerous materials
inadequate ventilation
damaged tools and equipment
machinery in poor condition
equipment used improperly
equipment operated by untrained personnel
apprentices working without supervision
Writing:
Ways of linking ideas.
In Unit 4 we learnt that to make our writing effective, we have to make sure our readers can follow our ideas. We learnt how to mark reasons, results, and contrasts in our writing.
What are the links between these ideas? What words can we use to mark the links?
1. The accident happened.
2. The operator s carelessness.
3. The supervisor was not present.
Sentence 2 is a reason for sentence 1. Sentence 3 is an additional reason. We can mark the links between them like this:
The accident happened because of the operator's carelessness, in addition/moreover, the supervisor was not present.
We use because oj to introduce a reason which is a noun or noun phrase. W e use in addition and moreover to introduce an additional reason.
What are the links between these ideas? What words can we use to mark the links?
a) Suitable protection should be worn.
b) Safety helmets should be used where there is a danger of falling objects.
Sentence 5 is an example to illustrate sentence 4. We can mark this in this way:
Suitable protection should he worn. For example/For instance, safety helmets should be used where there is a danger of falling objet is.
Show the links between these sets of ideas using appropriate linking wore from this unit and from Unit 4.
1. Many accidents happen.
Workers' carelessness.
2. Education can reduce accidents.
It is important that all workers receive training in basic safety.
3. Eye injuries can be serious.
Goggles must be worn for grinding and cutting.
4. Safety gloves provide protection for the hands.
They prevent burns.
They reduce the danger of cuts.
5. Safety shoes protect the feet against falling objects.
They prevent the feet getting caught in machinery.
6. Respirators should be worn in dusty conditions.
Dust can damage the lungs.
7. Safety gear exists for every danger.
Each year people are injured.
They refuse or forget to wear the right gear.
Literature:
1. Pauline Cullen. Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS with answers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012
2. Sam McCarter,Norman Whitby. Improve your IELTS Writing Skills.Macmillan, 2011
3. Bill Mascull. Business Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2010
4. Eric H. Glendenning and Alison Pohl. Oxford English for Careers Technology 2. Oxford, 2009
