, , - .
. () . 2.1. (, U x , . . U x = U = f f, f f , ). 2.1.
, . . (U x) (U ):
U x = U = f f,
f . , U x, U x, .
, , 180º. 3 4.
() . 2.2. , . , f = = nst. , , . R 1 R 2 U x = E (R 2 / (R 1 + R 2)). R . p1 p2 .
. , f = U + f, f = = I R . , U x = U + U . U x , p n - , I U x = I R . , I f, . , , , f , f.
U , , 1 KU = U x/ U x = SR /(1 + SR ) < 1, I = I / I = I / I >> 1. Dj = 0 ( f f ). KU ≈ 1 Dj = 0 , , , ( ).
, . (-, 50 75 ), R R = R ( ). , , R , R - . 2.3
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() . 2.3. ( U x , ). ; , , U x = f, . . U x≈ . , , , . R 1, R 2, p1, p2 R , . , , (C ), .
. U x≈ , f , U = f f p n - . I , I ≈ I , R , f = I R . f≈ ≈ U x≈, U x≈ U x≈. U x≈ .
R = R ׀׀ r , r p n - : . R R r , p n - , . , , R .
KU = U x≈/ U x≈ = (I R )/[ I (R ׀׀ r )] ≈ R /(R ׀׀ r ) = R / R .
R KU , R : , KU < 1.
I = I / I = I / I ≈ 1. .
: - (. 2.4). .
. , . , ( ).
. 2.4 . 2.5
(. 2.5) : . , . 2.5, .
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. , , , . .
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1. +15 15 .
2. :
) , U x 10 . (f) 110 . U max , ;
) - 20 2 . (f ) , K (f ) ≈ 0,7 [max K (f)];
) , f ;
) ( U x , , f );
) ( U x f , . 2, ).
3. . 2.
4. 2 ( U x 5 ).
5. ( ) .2.
6. .2.
:
1. , , , R x R x.
2. .
3. . . 26 ( , , U max f , , R x, R x).
4. .
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