.
(. 7) 5-, 7-, 10- 15- (. 8, . 1).
, 1- 1 , .
. 7. h,s- :
; ; .
. 8. -110
1. -110
| , | ||||||||
| , ( %- ) | 0,03 | 0,2 | 2,55 | 10,22 | ||||
| ( ; 1¸4 ; ; ) | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| ( %- ) | 0,03 | 0,15 | 0,05 | 1,74 | 0,81 | 5,8 | 2,01 | 2,41 |
| , % | 2,78 | |||||||
| , % | 12,7 | |||||||
| , % | 13,0 | |||||||
| , % | 87,0 |
2.1. . . [2] t1 π01, h1 s01 - :
π01, h1, s01, θ 01 = f(t1); s1 = s01 R ∙ln p1; v1 = RT1 / (p1 ∙ 102). (2.1)
: h /; R, s /( ∙ ); p (1 = 102 ); v 3/; T K.
2.2. () . ( 2t, .7), :
)
ε1 = p2 / p1 = π02 t / π01 → π02 t = π01∙ (p2 / p1) = π01 ε1; (2.2)
) , :
t2t, h2t, θ 02 t, s02t = f(π02 t); v 2t = v 1 ∙ (θ 02 t / θ 01). (2.3)
2.3. , . (. 8, . 1).
( %- ) . 1.
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5-, 7-, 10- 15- () , :
∆p = ∆p / z = (p2 p1) / z, (2.4)
z = 15 .
. 2.
2.
| - | - | , | |||
| p2 (n) | p1 + n∙∆p | ||||
| ε1 (n) | p2 (n) / p1 | ||||
| π02 t (n) | π01 ∙ ε1 (n) | ||||
| s02 t (n) | /( ∙ ) | , f(π02 t (n)) | |||
| h2t (n) | / | , f(π02 t (n)) | |||
| t2t (n) | OC | , f(π02 t (n)) | |||
| (1¸n) | ℓ t (n) | / | h2t (n) h1 | ||
| (1¸n) | ℓ (n) | / | ℓ t (n) / ηoi | ||
| h2 (n) | / | h1 + ℓ (n) | |||
| t2 (n) | OC | , f(h2 (n)) |
.
1. n , .
2. -110 5-, 7-, 10- 15- () (n = 5; 7; 10; 15).
2.4. . ( 1 ) () , /:
ℓ t = cp (T2 t T1) = h2 t h1. (2.5)
( ) () , /:
ℓ = h2 h1 = ℓ t / ηoi. (2.6)
2.5. () .
() , /
h2 = h1 + ℓ. (2.7)
[2], h2, , (t2, s02, π02):
t2, s02, π02 = f(h2). (2.8)
ε1 = p2 / p1 → p2 = ε1 ∙ p1. (2.9)
[2, 14] :
s(T, p) = s0 (T) R ln p. (2.10)
: h /; R, s /( ∙ ); p ; T K.
, :
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∆s = s2 s1 = s02(2) s01(1) R ∙ ln(p2 / p1) = s02 s02t, s2 = s1 + ∆s. (2.11)
( 1 ) () (. . 1 . 2), /
ℓ = 1,0 ∙ ℓ (5) + (1,0 0,003)∙ (ℓ (7) ℓ (5)) + →
→ + (1,0 0,003 0, 019) ∙ (ℓ (10) - (ℓ (7)) + →
→ + (1,0 0,003 0, 019 0,039) ∙ (ℓ (15) - ℓ (10)) =
= 1,0 ∙ ℓ t (5) + 0,997∙ (ℓ (7) ℓ t (5)) + →
→ + 0,978 ∙ (ℓ (10) - (ℓ (7)) + 0,939 ∙ (ℓ (15) - ℓ (10)). (2.12)
:
ℓ (5) 1¸5- ;
ℓ (7) 1¸7- ;
ℓ (10) 1¸10- ;
ℓ (15) ( 1¸15- );
(ℓ (7) ℓ (5)) 6- 7- ;
(ℓ (10) - (ℓ (7)) 8¸10- ;
(ℓ (15) - ℓ (10)) 11¸15- ;
0,003 5- ;
0,019 7- ;
0,039 10- .
, /
h2 = h1 + ℓ; t2, s02, π02 = f(h2), ρ2 = (p1 ∙ 102) / (R ∙ T2), (2.13)
: p2 ; T2 = (t2 + 273,15 OC), K; ρ2 /3; R = 0,28715 /( ∙ ).
2.6. . () . , .
( ) , :
p2 = p2 ∆p + ∆p , (2.14)
: p2 () , ; ∆p = ζ ∙ ρ2 ∙ (ω2 2 / 2) ∙ 10 5 , ; ζ = 0,05 ¸ 0,1 , [13]; ρ2 , /3; ω2 = 80 ¸ 120 , /.
. , , h = const.
h,s- . 7.
, :
p2 = p2 ∆p. (2.15)
(ε = p2 / p2 ) :
ε = 1,01 1,1. (2.16)
,
p2 = ε ∙ p2 . (2.17)
, :
∆p = p2 p2 . (2.18)
, /:
∆H t = h2t h2 ≈ cP 2 ∙ T2 ∙ (ε (k 1) / k 1). (2.19)
, /:
∆H = h2 h2 = ∆H t / η. (2.20)
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: p2 ( , ), ; p2 , ; h2 = h2 , /; h2t , /; h2 , /; cP2 , /( ∙ K); T2 , K; η ≈ 0,6 ¸ 0,8 , .
, , /
h2 = h2 + ∆H ; t2 , s02 , π02 = f(h2 ). ρ2 = (p2 ∙ 102) / (R ∙ T2 ), (2.21)
: p ; T = (t + 273,15 OC), K; ρ /3; R = 0,28715 /( ∙ ).
.
, :
) , () (p) (p2 ),
ε1 = p2 / p; (2.22)
) () ( )
ε1 = p2 / p1; (2.23)
) (),
ε1 = p2 / p1. (2.24)
